Том 5, випуск 1

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18182

Browse

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

The Competitive Position of the Company : The Contradictions of Essence and New Approaches
(2020) Synytsya, Maksym
This paper analyses some key definitions and ideas of brand positioning among scientists for the recent 40 years. There are a lot of contradictions in the meaning of this concept that complicates the development of the firms’ full-scope positioning strategy and creates confusions in scientific studies. The paper attempts to describe the importance of a complex approach to competitive positioning of the enterprise which relies not only on marketing positioning of its products or itself but also on positioning relative to competitors and current (or possible) employees. It is also shown that behavioral factors (including cultural variations) should be considered in the positioning strategy. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the classification of positioning strategies based on the systematization of criteria for creating excellent characteristics of a product, brand, and enterprise. The paper concludes with several suggestions on the modern view of the competitive positioning concept, where the subject of competitive positioning was not only the product but also the enterprise that produces it. As a result of this research, it is proposed to join competitors and employees of the company to the objects of competitive positioning, which would result in the emergence of the concept of behavioral competitive positioning.
Debt Resilience Dynamics : Exploring Vulnerability of Macrosystem
(2020) Hryhoriev, Hennadii
The article on the contemporary approach analysis of sovereign debt reveals the basic structures of national economy alternative financing. The methodology of system dynamics is applied to explain the sovereign debt burden pressure feedback process. The main effects of resilience to external shocks are explored. The problem of dynamic balancing between long-term economic development and short-term financial stability is detected. The analysis for borrowing capacity of the national economy is explored using the system dynamics methods. The resource curse "vicious cycle" should be overridden by increasing total factor productivity and decreasing sovereign debt. The main findings of the article concern the nonlinear relationships in the national economic debt system and reveal the issues of the sovereign debt trap enhanced by the resource type of economic development. The model developed in this article reflects the main role of innovations (total factor productivity growth) in coming out of the “resource curse” debt trap. The hypothesis that sovereign debt can be eliminated arises from the possibility of autonomous national economic development and endogenous business cycle stabilization. Such a point of view allows to capture the important interrelationships between the national economic development and external borrowings due to the concept of policy resistance implementation. It is indicated that the complex systems modeling likelihood to develop the sovereign debt policy for demonstration of the negative impact of debt trap on economic development. In order to achieve the results, issued in the article, a basic control loop model was developed using reference mode data with appropriate initial structure model construction.
Digital Economy : Impact on the Socio-economic Transformation in Ukraine
(2020) Chala, Nina; Poplavska, Oksana
Having studied the subject matter of Digital economy as a phenomenon, the authors came to the conclusion that it should be considered as a manufacturing and economic system; it is implemented in conditions of redundancy and availability of information, possessing the features of the knowledge economy. Having identified the key role of the state – improving the quality of human resources and increasing the social responsibility of business and society, the authors recommend estimating the impact of Digital economy on the labor market and socio-labor relations in terms of maintaining social security and meeting the development criteria of Economy 4.0. The suggested criteria include economic viability; involvement in the digital economy and knowledge economy; social security; transparency; sustainability. Having identified and estimated the social challenges, the authors noted the most acute, among them, the lack of staff with necessary expertise.
Financial Decentralization and Fiscal Imbalance of Local Budgets in Ukraine
(2020) Bui, Tetiana; Kovalchuk, Oleksandra
The purpose of the article is to identify the correspondence between the revenue and expenditure parts of local budgets, which are responsible for the significant part of state expenditure financing due to financial decentralization reform. The article provides a comparative analysis of decentralization levels of local budgets in Ukraine and European countries by revenues and expenditures, as well as analyzes the structure of revenues and expenditures of the consolidated budget which include state and local budgets. The article notes that over the past ten years, the gap between revenue and expenditure has narrowed due to decentralization reform, but fiscal balance has not been achieved. The results of the analysis demonstrate the existence of a significant vertical imbalance in the budget system of Ukraine, which consists in the insufficiency of own and fixed financial resources of local authorities to ensure their powers. In terms of income decentralization, Ukraine ranks middle among Eastern European countries, while the level of expenditure decentralization corresponds to the level of Scandinavian countries, where the state plays an active role in income redistribution and has high institutional efficiency and high social standards. The article substantiates that the vertical imbalance exist due to the inefficient structure of local budgets’ revenues, in particular the high share of transfer payments from the state budget to local budgets, as well as the low share of own revenues, namely local taxes, in tax revenues. In order to strengthen the revenue side of local budgets and reduce vertical imbalances it is proposed to increase the tax base of local taxes through development of business and welfare in the regions, to increase the share of deductions from corporate tax and personal income tax to local budgets, to improve the control over local budget revenues and to optimize local expenditures, including social protection and social security expenditures. As the practice of foreign countries with decentralized budget systems shows, the elimination of vertical imbalances leads to a significant increase in the fiscal capacity of the regions.
Inflation Expectations Modeling: The Application of Markov Switching Autoregression
(2020) Lukianenko, Iryna; Nasachenko, Mariia
The shift of the monetary policy framework in Ukraine has led to the transformation of the power of the key transmission channels. Inflation targeting (IT) assumes the interest rates channel as the main one; besides that, since the exchange rate is floating, the influence from the key policy rate change on it is stronger and more effective. Implementation of the IT at the end of 2016 significantly affected the prices; in particular, the inflation has slowed down from almost 60 % in the corresponding month of the previous year to 2.3 % in 2020. Specifically, the interaction between the key policy rate, which is the main monetary policy instrument under the IT, consumer prices, and economic growth has changed. One of the important channels is the inflation expectations channel that became influential after IT has started. Consequently, the article is aimed to investigate how inflation expectations are dependent on the inflation dynamics, the key policy rate changes, and the index of the real wage fluctuations applying Markov switching autoregression model with two regimes, which is widely used to estimate the effects of economic crisis, break of the trend, and instability. The developed model consists of two equations, one of which defines a regime with the high volatility, and the other with the low. The obtained results show the dominance of the high volatility regime during almost all the research period because of essential inflation uncertainty and the overall unstable situation in the country caused by the crisis. Additionally, probability to stay in the first regime is much higher than in the second and is equal to 91 %. Outcomes from the modelling allow to judge about the future inflation and inflation expectations dynamics based on discovered new features. The further steps in the evaluation of effects of monetary policy regimes shift are expansion of the model to three- or four-regime switch (high, low, moderate volatility, etc.), the use of additional independent variables, experiments with the key policy rate, and inflation as dependent variables.
Mortgage Lending as a Component of Economic Growth
(2020) Bazilinska, Olena; Panchenko, Olena
The purpose of the article is to reveal the role and importance of the mortgage lending development to overcome the financial and economic crisis and ensure the positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators. The article reveals the essence of mortgage lending, substantiates the necessity of its development and improvement to create an effective mortgage lending system in Ukraine, which helps to solve the problems related to providing housing for the population and accelerating the development of not only the construction industry but also related areas of the activity. It is proven within the study that the volume and dynamics of the investment in housing has a significant impact on the macroeconomics, and therefore, by improving the mortgage lending system, it is possible to transmit positive impulses to the real sector of the economy and bring the country out of crisis. The article outlines the features of a mortgage lending which distinguish it into a separate sphere in the credit market. Based on these features, the functions of mortgage lending in modern conditions are defined, namely: investment, social, stimulating, and formation of the fictitious capital in the securities market. The research proves the importance of developing and improving mortgage lending by identifying the benefits and disadvantages of all credit entities. On the basis of statistics, the main parameters of the domestic mortgage market, which indicate a conservative approach to the formation of lending conditions and the reluctance of banking institutions to provide long-term mortgages, are determined. The main reason for this situation is the imperfect legal base of real estate lending. It has been concluded by the study results that mortgage lending is an important tool for ensuring the social and economic growth of a country, and its role and importance have increased significantly since the financial and economic crisis.
Online Payday Lending : System Dynamics Modelling
(2020) Kaminskyi, Andrii; Petrovskyi, Oleksii
The purpose of the article is to model the payday lenders activity, which carries out crediting on-line in the segment of subprime small-dollar credits (payday loans). The relevance of the research in this segment is stipulated by its dynamic developing in the latest decade. This is explained by intensive implementation of on-line technologies into the lending processes. The segment has distinctive features of credit activity, the analysis of which is presented in the article. Such basic features are a high risk, a highly competitive environment, and a high interest rate. Similar features generate the importance of the strategy of the company development, because a wrongly formed strategy generates a high enough risk of bankruptcy. The system dynamic application is presented for modelling of the credit activity of such companies. This approach allowed to model the influence of change of one element on another and on the system of payday lending as a whole. The built model includes four main ‘cornerstones’ of the system. Namely: the investor’s capital flow, the process of attracting borrowers, the dynamics of the transition of borrowers in the loan portfolio from one type to another, and the rigidity of credit risk management. The investor’s capital flow is a J-curve. The process of attracting borrowers is structured in the attracting of new borrowers and repeat borrowers. A feature of the payday loan market is the decreasing of borrower’s quality over time. The model presents the division of borrowers into five types depending on the revenues they generate for the lender. For each type, the model presents what profit/loss can be expected from customers of this type. The model takes into account such important relationships as the impact of interest rates on the deterioration rate of the borrower’s financial condition (transition between types of borrowers) and the impact of attracting new borrowers on their quality (distribution of borrowers by type), taking into account that borrowers leave the company. This model was illustrated using a simulation analysis, which allows to find the optimal lending parameters in relation to the amount of the lender’s initial capital.
Undeclared Work in Ukraine: Evidence from the 2020 Student Survey
(2020) Nezhyvenko, Oksana
This paper presents the results of the first of its kind survey on the undeclared work in Ukraine, performed by the students of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. This is a pilot study based on 133 observations collected in March-April of 2020 in Ukraine. The sample mostly consists of young individuals residing in urban areas, single, without children, and more females as compared to males. To work undeclared means to have any paid activities that are lawful but not declared to the public authorities. The paper discusses who works undeclared in Ukraine, the educational attainment, the employment status and the economic activity of undeclared workers. Almost half of the respondents estimate the share of the population of Ukraine who perform undeclared work at the level of 43 per cent. Almost all admit knowing other undeclared workers. The risk of being detected for undeclared work is perceived to be low by almost half of the interviewees. The most popular undeclared activities are tutoring, sales, marketing, working as a waiter/waitress, an analyst, an employee in consultancy and construction. The income from formal work is observed to be lower than from undeclared work. The mean net income for formal work is under UAH 5,000 per month, while the mean net income for undeclared work is between UAH 5,000-10,000. The most common reasons for performing undeclared work are willingness to earn more, easiness to find a job, and avoiding paying taxes. Finally, the paper presents the list of recommendations to tackle the undeclared work in Ukraine, the most popular of which were as follow: to reduce the income tax, to increase fines for undeclared work, to introduce penalties for undeclared work not only for employers but also to employees, to strengthen administrative responsibility of employers, and to ease the tax system.

Browse

Browsing Том 5, випуск 1 by Subject "article"

Results Per Page

Sort Options