Розуміння суспільної небезпеки злочину (за результатами соціологічного експерименту)
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Date
2019
Authors
Азаров, Денис
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Abstract
У статті подано результати експерименту, проведеного у вересні – грудні 2018 р., у якому взяли участь близько 200 правників різних категорій. Основний зміст експерименту зводився до такого: проведення першого анонімного опитування учасників у реальному часі, завдяки якому було з’ясовано загальні уявлення правників про сутність та функціональність категорії "суспільна небезпека злочину"; подання концентрованої інформації про проблеми практичного застосування цієї категорії та наслідки, до яких призводить її використання; повторне опитування та оцінка динаміки зміни ставлення аудиторії до поняття "суспільна небезпека". Результати засвідчили, що в процесі експерименту більшість учасників різко змінила свої погляди і визнала, що ознака суспільної небезпеки не може ефективно використовуватись як інструмент диференціації та індивідуалізації кримінальної відповідальності, ця ознака не дозволяє чітко розмежувати різні види правопорушень – злочини та адміністративні делікти, не існує тесту (алгоритму), що дозволяє однозначно встановити характер і ступінь суспільної небезпеки певного діяння.
The article presents the results of the experiment conducted within a series of lectures focused on the issues of "social danger" and "gravity" of offence in September – December, 2018. Approximately 200 lawyers of different status (students and instructors of law schools, higher education institutions, local prosecutor offices’ officials, as well as parliamentary employees) participated in it. The major idea of the experiment was focused on conducting the first anonymous poll of the participants in real time, which has contributed to ascertainment of lawyers’ common understanding regarding the essence and functionality of the "social danger" issue; presenting concentrated information regarding the issues in practical application of this issue and on the consequences resulting from its application; a subsequent poll; and the evaluation of the change dynamics in audience attitude to the issue of "social danger". The outcome has proven i.e. the following: lawyers’ understanding regarding the essence and functionality of the "social danger" issue is on the one hand based on traditional approaches present in national textbooks, while on the other hand those do not reflect the reality of the contemporary criminal law application practice; these ideas undergo sharp changes following the familiarization with the history of the appearance of this issue in the national legislation, as well as with the contemporary practice of its application. Contrary to the initial poll, the subsequent poll’s participants’ answers have reflected the negation of a set of claims traditionally present in major Ukrainian Criminal Law textbooks, namely that the characteristic of social danger is being effectively applied as an instrument of criminal liability differentiation and individualization; the characteristic of social danger provides a possibility to distinctly distinguish different types of offences, namely crimes and administrative delicts. Almost all participants also acknowledged the absence of the test (algorithm) allowing unequivocal establishment of the character and degree of a certain deed social danger.
The article presents the results of the experiment conducted within a series of lectures focused on the issues of "social danger" and "gravity" of offence in September – December, 2018. Approximately 200 lawyers of different status (students and instructors of law schools, higher education institutions, local prosecutor offices’ officials, as well as parliamentary employees) participated in it. The major idea of the experiment was focused on conducting the first anonymous poll of the participants in real time, which has contributed to ascertainment of lawyers’ common understanding regarding the essence and functionality of the "social danger" issue; presenting concentrated information regarding the issues in practical application of this issue and on the consequences resulting from its application; a subsequent poll; and the evaluation of the change dynamics in audience attitude to the issue of "social danger". The outcome has proven i.e. the following: lawyers’ understanding regarding the essence and functionality of the "social danger" issue is on the one hand based on traditional approaches present in national textbooks, while on the other hand those do not reflect the reality of the contemporary criminal law application practice; these ideas undergo sharp changes following the familiarization with the history of the appearance of this issue in the national legislation, as well as with the contemporary practice of its application. Contrary to the initial poll, the subsequent poll’s participants’ answers have reflected the negation of a set of claims traditionally present in major Ukrainian Criminal Law textbooks, namely that the characteristic of social danger is being effectively applied as an instrument of criminal liability differentiation and individualization; the characteristic of social danger provides a possibility to distinctly distinguish different types of offences, namely crimes and administrative delicts. Almost all participants also acknowledged the absence of the test (algorithm) allowing unequivocal establishment of the character and degree of a certain deed social danger.
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Keywords
кримінальне правопорушення, злочин, суспільна небезпека, кримінальна відповідальність, стаття, criminal offence, crime, social danger, criminal liability
Citation
Азаров Д. С. Розуміння суспільної небезпеки злочину (за результатами соціологічного експерименту) / Азаров Д. С. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Юридичні науки. - 2019. - Т. 3. - С. 3-18.