Кафедра політології
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- ItemDisinformation: Soviet Origins of Contemporary Russian Ukrainophobia(2021) Kuzio, TarasРозділ монографії "Russian active measures: yesterday, today, tomorrow", (2021).
- ItemCommentary – historical esotericism as a cognition method: How Russian Pseudo-scholars have Contributed to Moscow's Anti-Western Turn(2022) Umland, AndreasA number of para-academic tendencies in Russian social science helped prepare the Ukraine war. In addition to propaganda and disinformation campaigns by the Kremlin, an intellectual deformation of the Russian elite by the Manichean ideas of such theorists as Lev Gumilyov and Aleksandr Dugin is partly responsible for Russia’s increasing secession from Europe. Post-Soviet public discourse has become infected with an array of speculative, often conspiratorial, and sometimes occultist or racist theories. Their proponents have crowded out acknowledged social scientists and historians from intellectual and media debates.This parallel public discourse has been developing since the beginning of glasnost, 35 years ago, and became one of the determinants of Russia’s attack on Ukraine in 2014.
- ItemWie hat sich die Ukraine seit der Unabhängigkeit entwickelt?(2021) Haran, Olexiy1990 boten nur 45 % aller Schulen der Ukrainischen Sozialistischen Sowjetrepublik Unterricht auf Ukrainisch an und nur 10 % aller Vorlesungen an Universitäten fanden auf Ukrainisch statt. Es gab die Möglichkeit, sich vom ukrainischen Sprachunterricht in der Schule befreien zu lassen. Obwohl ich mich immer als Ukrainer fühlte, konnte ich also nicht fließend Ukrainisch sprechen. Über Russifizierung zu sprechen war damals gefährlich, ich hätte von der Universität verwiesen werden können. Zur "Beruhigung" wurde argumentiert, dass zum Beispiel die Iren ihre Sprache, das IrischGälische, auch nicht sprechen würden, aber trotzdem in ihrer Identität Iren blieben. Aber die Iren hatten einen Vorteil gegenüber den Ukrainern. Im Gegensatz zu den Briten waren sie Katholiken, und das half ihnen, ihre Identität zu bewahren.
- ItemRussian Nationalism and the Russian-Ukrainian War: autocracy - orthodoxy - nationality(2022) Kuzio, TarasThis book is the first to provide an in-depth understanding of the 2014 crisis, Russia’s annexation of Crimea and Europe’s de facto war between Russia and Ukraine. The book provides a historical and contemporary understanding behind President Vladimir Putin Russia’s obsession with Ukraine and why Western opprobrium and sanctions have not deterred Russian military aggression. The volume provides a wealth of detail about the inability of Russia, from the time of the Tsarist Empire, throughout the era of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), and since the dissolution of the latter in 1991, to accept Ukraine as an independent country and Ukrainians as a people distinct and separate from Russians. The book highlights the sources of this lack of acceptance in aspects of Russian national identity. In the Soviet period, Russians principally identified themselves not with the Russian Soviet Federative Republic, but rather with the USSR as a whole. Attempts in the 1990s to forge a post-imperial Russian civic identity grounded in the newly independent Russian Federation were unpopular, and notions of a far larger Russian ‘imagined community’ came to the fore. A post-Soviet integration of Tsarist Russian great power nationalism and White Russian émigré chauvinism had already transformed and hardened Russian denial of the existence of Ukraine and Ukrainians as a people, even prior to the 2014 crises in Crimea and the Donbas. Bringing an end to both the Russian occupation of Crimea and to the broader Russian–Ukrainian conflict can be expected to meet obstacles not only from the Russian de facto President-for-life, Vladimir Putin, but also from how Russia perceives its national identity.
- ItemRegional assemblies and executives, regional authority, and the strategic manipulation of regional elections in electoral autocracies(2022) Schakel, Arjan; Romanova, ValentynaIn this introduction, we set out to analyse the relationship between regional elections and regional authority and the extent to which regional elections are held free and fair. We hypothesize that the incentives to interfere increase when regions exercise more authority but the possibilities to interfere decline when the regional executive is elected. A quantitative analysis confirms that directly elected and stronger regional bodies make them more attractive for central meddling, but the presence of elected executives makes central interference less likely. We zoom-in on nine electoral autocracies that have featured in the past five annual reviews of regional elections to explore how regional elections become less free and fair. We identify six strategies to manipulate regional elections which are applied in at least two electoral autocracies: simultaneity between regional and national elections, limiting party entry, gerrymandering, nationalizing regional election campaigns, party switching, and centralization of authority.