Інститут пробації за проєктом нового Кримінального кодексу України
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Date
2022
Authors
Горох, Олексій
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Abstract
Поява в законодавстві нових кримінально-правових інститутів потребує наукового обґрунтування. Мета статті полягає у визначенні авторського бачення моделі інституту пробації в проєкті нового Кримінального кодексу України. Для досягнення поставленої мети з використанням історико-правового, компаративістського, діалектичного, системного, герменевтичного та інших
методів проаналізовано міжнародні стандарти поводження з правопорушниками, національне
та іноземне законодавство, доктринальні положення, висвітлено сформульовані пропозиції до
проєкту нового Кримінального кодексу України.
За результатами проведеного дослідження науково обґрунтовано положення правового інституту пробації в проєкті нового КК. Наведено міркування, якими керувалася робоча група з питань
розробки нового кримінального законодавства, формулюючи нові законодавчі положення. Обґрунтовано визначення поняття пробації та засобів пробації, окреслено осіб, до яких застосовується
пробація. Наведено аргументи щодо доцільності закріплення загальних засад пробації та правил
скасування, зміни або доповнення засобів пробації. Визначено тривалість пробації щодо різних осіб,
а також правові наслідки пробації.
The appearance of new criminal law institutes in the legislation requires scientific justification. The purpose of the article is to determine the author’s vision of the probation institution model in the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. In order to achieve the set goal, using historical legal, comparative, dialectical, systemic, hermeneutic, and other methods, international standards of treatment of offenders, the national and foreign legislation, doctrinal provisions were analyzed, formulated proposals for the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine were highlighted. According to the results of the conducted research, the provisions of the legal institution of probation in the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine have been scientifically substantiated. The considerations that guided the working group on the development of new criminal legislation when formulating new legislative provisions are given. The definition of the concept of probation and means of probation is substantiated, and the persons to whom probation is applied are outlined. Arguments are given regarding the expediency of establishing the general principles of probation and the rules for canceling, changing or supplementing probation measures. The duration of probation for different persons, as well as the legal consequences of probation, are determined. Probation as a criminal legal tool is a control, corrective and supervisory tool defined by the criminal law, which involves restrictions on the exercise of human rights or freedoms and is applied by the court to a person convicted of a crime, with the aim of ensuring the safety of society and encouraging this person to obey the law. At the same time, probation as a criminal law institution is an externally designed structural element of the field of criminal law (its General part), which constitutes a system of criminal law norms designed to comprehensively regulate social relations arising between the state and a person convicted of a crime, with the aim of ensuring society and encouraging this person to obey the law. The system of means of probation is a complex integrated complex of socially determined, qualitatively defined, interconnected and interacting elements, which have an integral structure. According to the content and functionality, the working group proposes to combine the means of probation into three groups: 1) control; 2) corrective; 3) supervisory. The positive consequences of probation in the form of non-fulfillment of the prescribed punishment occur for the person who behaved positively during probation. Probation has proven its effectiveness in practice, as more than 90 % of convicts to whom it is applied have positive consequences. The negative consequences of probation arise in connection with a person’s negative behavior and are differentiated for different categories of persons.
The appearance of new criminal law institutes in the legislation requires scientific justification. The purpose of the article is to determine the author’s vision of the probation institution model in the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. In order to achieve the set goal, using historical legal, comparative, dialectical, systemic, hermeneutic, and other methods, international standards of treatment of offenders, the national and foreign legislation, doctrinal provisions were analyzed, formulated proposals for the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine were highlighted. According to the results of the conducted research, the provisions of the legal institution of probation in the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine have been scientifically substantiated. The considerations that guided the working group on the development of new criminal legislation when formulating new legislative provisions are given. The definition of the concept of probation and means of probation is substantiated, and the persons to whom probation is applied are outlined. Arguments are given regarding the expediency of establishing the general principles of probation and the rules for canceling, changing or supplementing probation measures. The duration of probation for different persons, as well as the legal consequences of probation, are determined. Probation as a criminal legal tool is a control, corrective and supervisory tool defined by the criminal law, which involves restrictions on the exercise of human rights or freedoms and is applied by the court to a person convicted of a crime, with the aim of ensuring the safety of society and encouraging this person to obey the law. At the same time, probation as a criminal law institution is an externally designed structural element of the field of criminal law (its General part), which constitutes a system of criminal law norms designed to comprehensively regulate social relations arising between the state and a person convicted of a crime, with the aim of ensuring society and encouraging this person to obey the law. The system of means of probation is a complex integrated complex of socially determined, qualitatively defined, interconnected and interacting elements, which have an integral structure. According to the content and functionality, the working group proposes to combine the means of probation into three groups: 1) control; 2) corrective; 3) supervisory. The positive consequences of probation in the form of non-fulfillment of the prescribed punishment occur for the person who behaved positively during probation. Probation has proven its effectiveness in practice, as more than 90 % of convicts to whom it is applied have positive consequences. The negative consequences of probation arise in connection with a person’s negative behavior and are differentiated for different categories of persons.
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Keywords
пробація, інститут пробації, засоби пробації, проєкт нового Кримінального кодексу України, стаття, probation, institution of probation, means of probation, draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine
Citation
Горох О. П. Інститут пробації за проєктом нового Кримінального кодексу України / Горох О. П. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Юридичні науки. - 2022. - Т. 9-10. - С. 45-56. - https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2022.9-10.45-56