Системи зберігання енергії: аспекти безпеки і оптимізації
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Date
2018
Authors
Заславський, Володимир
Пасічна, Майя
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Abstract
Здійснено огляд систем зберігання енергії (СЗЕ) в контексті аспектів безпеки, захисту та оптимізації їхньої роботи. Оскільки однією з основних функцій СЗЕ є забезпечення надійності, безпеки
та стійкості систем виробництва енергії, особливо в умовах розвитку відновлюваних джерел генерації енергії (ВДЕ), їх потрібно розглядати як важливий засіб оптимізації режимів роботи енергосистеми. Практичне використання СЗЕ є відносно новим процесом, потенціал розвитку систем
залежить від докладного вивчення притаманних їм недоліків і ризиків. Наведено класифікацію СЗЕ,
перелічено відомі ризики, що їм притаманні. Наприкінці статті наведено опис задачі оптимізації
вибору, потужності і розташування модулів СЗЕ в енергетичній мережі. Це важливо для розробки
оптимальних рішень планування завантаження/проектування енергостанцій.
One of the threats to a stable setup of the power grid may be an excessive power fluctuation and the existence of an autonomous power supply associated with the use of a large number of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs). On the other hand, as electricity and heat consumption is increasing, the demand for its additional energy storage may increase proportionally, and this might be unpredictable. As a result, changing voltage and impossibility to balance fluctuations in energy supply and demand can lead to a breakdown in energy supply, inefficient use of energy and generators, inability to use RESs and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, impossibility of efficient energy planning, etc. One of the options for addressing such situations is the energy storage systems (ESSs). Since the practical use of ESSs is a relatively new process; the potential of ESS development depends on the study of the inherent disadvantages and risks. The article presents the classification of the ESSs and provides a list of the known risks that are inherent to them. The simplest classification of ESSs compares the systems from the point of view of two criteria: function and form. From the standpoint of the function, ESSs are divided into those whose main purpose is to ensure uninterrupted power supply and those designed for so-called energy management (mainly for industry). The classification of ESSs in the form of energy storage is the most popular and can be classified as chemical, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical. Given that ESSs are in focus for a relatively short time, the information on possible malfunctions that are inherent to the technology of energy storage is incomplete. Nevertheless, it is reported that the relatively short duration of energy storage, high fraction loss, and low energy density are some of the main drawbacks of the use of such ESSs as flywheels, batteries, SMES, and fuel cells. It is important to highlight that security issues include not only technical issues but also economic and political aspects. The optimal planning of the ESS should include the choice of the ESS type, as well as the determination of the desired capacity and location of the system. Typically, the target function is the minimum power consumption and the minimum range of battery power change or the maximization of profit of the power plants equipped with ESS. The ESS choice depends on the technical characteristics of the technology as well as the company’s rewards, its propensity to accept the risks associated with the introduction of the ESS. The most commonly used optimization is the technical and economic modelling which consists of three main modules: the selfconsumption calculation module, the NPV calculation module, and, as a result of the previous modules, an optimization module for the storage capacity and energy generation system.
One of the threats to a stable setup of the power grid may be an excessive power fluctuation and the existence of an autonomous power supply associated with the use of a large number of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs). On the other hand, as electricity and heat consumption is increasing, the demand for its additional energy storage may increase proportionally, and this might be unpredictable. As a result, changing voltage and impossibility to balance fluctuations in energy supply and demand can lead to a breakdown in energy supply, inefficient use of energy and generators, inability to use RESs and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, impossibility of efficient energy planning, etc. One of the options for addressing such situations is the energy storage systems (ESSs). Since the practical use of ESSs is a relatively new process; the potential of ESS development depends on the study of the inherent disadvantages and risks. The article presents the classification of the ESSs and provides a list of the known risks that are inherent to them. The simplest classification of ESSs compares the systems from the point of view of two criteria: function and form. From the standpoint of the function, ESSs are divided into those whose main purpose is to ensure uninterrupted power supply and those designed for so-called energy management (mainly for industry). The classification of ESSs in the form of energy storage is the most popular and can be classified as chemical, electrical, magnetic, and mechanical. Given that ESSs are in focus for a relatively short time, the information on possible malfunctions that are inherent to the technology of energy storage is incomplete. Nevertheless, it is reported that the relatively short duration of energy storage, high fraction loss, and low energy density are some of the main drawbacks of the use of such ESSs as flywheels, batteries, SMES, and fuel cells. It is important to highlight that security issues include not only technical issues but also economic and political aspects. The optimal planning of the ESS should include the choice of the ESS type, as well as the determination of the desired capacity and location of the system. Typically, the target function is the minimum power consumption and the minimum range of battery power change or the maximization of profit of the power plants equipped with ESS. The ESS choice depends on the technical characteristics of the technology as well as the company’s rewards, its propensity to accept the risks associated with the introduction of the ESS. The most commonly used optimization is the technical and economic modelling which consists of three main modules: the selfconsumption calculation module, the NPV calculation module, and, as a result of the previous modules, an optimization module for the storage capacity and energy generation system.
Description
Keywords
системи зберігання енергії, безпека та надійність, оптимізація, стаття, energy storage systems, safety and security, optimization
Citation
Заславський В. А. Системи зберігання енергії: аспекти безпеки і оптимізації / Заславський В. А., Пасічна М. В. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Комп'ютерні науки. - 2018. - Т. 1. - С. 65-71.