Кафедра екології

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12296

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 623

Ab initio розрахунки борофосфідних кластерів
(2000) Ісаєв, С.; Гребешок, А.; Черногоренко, В.; Корнілов, М.
Методом ab initio (HF, МР2) розраховані величини загальної енергії кластерів . для m = = 4 —12. Знайдені ентальпії перетворення моноелементних кластерів у мішані. З'ясовано, що ймовірне утворення кластерів з приблизно однаковою кількістю атомів бору та фосфору. Вже для т = 12 мішані кластери стають невигідними.
Actual Problems of Health Protection of Ukrainian Youth
(2015) Posudin, Yuriy
Розглядаються основні проблеми зі здоров'ям української молоді, викликані неякісним швидким харчуванням, пивним алкоголізмом, курінням. Внаслідок цих згубних звичок, а також непродуманої державної політики та впливу реклами, молоде покоління страждає від низки небезпечних захворювань, що ведуть у ряді випадків до смертельних наслідків.
Algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants of calcareous rocks of the Dumka Cave complex (Dniester Regional Landscape Park, Ukraine)
(2025) Mikhailyuk, Tatiana; Vinogradova, Oksana; Nyporko, Svitlana; Vasheniak, Iuliia
Research on chasmophytic communities of the calcareous cliff of the Dumka Cave complex in the Dniester Regional Landscape Park (Ivano-Frankivsk Region) has revealed diverse vegetation dominated by ferns, bryophytes, and algae. The cave complex was examined in three parts: the so-called “karst bridge” (pile of fragments of a cave vault), limestone blocks at the entrance to the cave, and the walls of the front grotto of the cave. In total, fifty-six species of algae (Cyanobacteria — 21 species, Chlorophyta — 23, Charophyta — 2, Heterokontophyta — 9), 25 species of bryophytes (Marchantiophyta — 8, Bryophyta — 17), and 21 species of vascular plants (Pteridophytina — 5, Spermatophytina — 16) were found in the studied habitat. The highest species diversity was recorded on the karst bridge and the walls at the entrance to the cave. In both locations, the algal cover was dominated by cyanobacteria and green algae. Algae and bryophytes on the walls of the front grotto were less diverse, vascular plants were completely absent. Cyanobacteria were absent, and trebuxiophycean green algae and diatoms predominated. A comparison of the species composition of algae and bryophytes using the Sørensen-Chekanovsky index showed a certain resemblance between the karst bridge and the walls at the entrance to the cave and the specificity of the front grotto of the cave. Among the discovered species of algae, two are first reported for Ukraine (Synechococcus sciophilus and Synechocystis primigenia). Several taxa are rare and noteworthy records (Gloeocapsa coracina, Microcoleus vulgaris, Scotinosphaera sp., Pseudostichococcus undulatus, etc.). Fifteen species of bryophytes are listed for the first time for the park; among them, Pedinophyllum interruptum and Fissidens gracifolius are new records for Ivano-Frankivsk Region. For the latter species, this is the second locality in Ukraine. For Timmia bavarica, a rare species in the Ukrainian Carpathians, this is the third locality in Ivano-Frankivsk Region. Vascular plants are characteristic of shaded epilithic habitats. Such communities belong to the biotope H32c "Cabonate rocks of the temperate zone, occurring on the plain and in the lower mountain belt", are characterized syntaxonomically as a group of the Polypodietea class, and belong to the second category of rarity and require protection. The main threat to the existence of this biotope is deforestation, which leads to increased light levels, heating of rocks, and moisture deficiency, as well as eutrophication due to recreational load.
Algorithm for simulating melting polar ice, Earth internal movement and volcano eruption with 3-dimensional inertia tensor
(2023) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
This paper reports the result of an investigation of a hypothesis that the melting polar ice of Earth flowing down to the equatorial region causes volcano eruptions. We assumed a cube inside the spherical body of Earth, formulated a 3-dimensional inertia tensor of the cube, and then simulated the redistribution of the mass that is to be caused by the movement of melted ice on the Earth’s surface. Such mass distribution changes the inertia tensor of the cube. Then, the cube’s rotation inside Earth was simulated by multiplying the Euler angle matrix by the inertia tensor. Then, changes in the energy intensity and the angular momentum of the cube were calculated as coefficients of Hamiltonian equations of motion, which are made of the inertia tensor and sine and cosine curves of the rotation angles. The calculations show that the melted ice increases Earth’s internal energy intensity and angular momentum, possibly increasing volcano eruptions.
Alien flora of Ukraine: structure and dynamics in a historical aspect
(Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczn, 2025) Shevera, Myroslav; Protopopova, Vira; Budzhak, Vasyl; Kucher, Oksana; Zavialova, Liudmyla; Dvirna, Tetiana
Ukrainian alien flora is the most dynamic and progressing group in the flora. Its influence on the structure, dynamics, and florogenesis has increased significantly over the last centuries. Diversity of analyzed flora is determined by natural conditions of the territory and the geographical location of Ukraine, which provides transcontinental and trans-zonal transport connection. In the southern and southeastern regions of Ukraine, which are characterized by a higher degree of anthropogenic environmental transformation, synanthropization of the flora occurs faster. On the other hand, in the north and northwest, this process is much slower due to the better preservation of the natural vegetation cover.
Allelopathic activity analysis of the invasive grassland species Elaeagnus angustifolia L. by t he method of Neubauer & Schneider
(2016) Norenko, Kateryna
The material of the speech at 13th Eurasian Grassland Conference Management and Conservation of Semi-natural grasslands: from theory to practice (Sighişoara, Romania, 20-24 September 2016).
Analysis and assessment of the environmental situation within Muromets Island (Kyiv)
(2022) Derevska, Kateryna; Nesterovskyi, Victor; Manyuk, Volodymyr; Rudenko, Kseniia; Hurina, Maria
The environmental situation within Muromets floodplain island, which is considered one of the oldest and largest islands of the Kyiv metropolis was studied. This sandy island was formed due to fluvial migration and numerous alluvial deposits since the Holocene. The island is located in the modern Dnipro floodplain, bordering Trukhaniv Island from the south. The environmental state of the island’s plants, landscapes, water bodies, soils and rocks was analyzed. The environmental protection objects of the territory were also characterized. Satellite images of the Earth’s surface over the past 37 years were analyzed to study modern changes in the island outline and hydrography within the Dnipro floodplain near Kyiv. Changes in the shoreline of Muromets Island were assessed. Using our field research data, cartographic schemes, space photographs and scientific publications of various years, we characterized the island’s geological environment, presented the dynamics of shoreline development, analyzed the ecological situation, and identified environmental problems. We found that the island’s environmental condition correlates with the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The degree and severity of impact of the above-mentioned factors on the island’s geological environment was established. It was shown that intense changes in this territory occur due to the geological work of surface water and the work of the wind ,which are intensified by anthropogenic actions. The land shoreline has been migrating for a long time as a result of active water erosion by the Dnipro, Desna and Chartoryi (Desenka) rivers and their tributaries. New straits, peninsulas and individual small islands are formed. The results indicate significant natural dynamics of the Dnipro floodplain development, which occurs against the background of anthropogenic influence, the pressure of which is constantly increasing. The complex of anthropogenic and natural factors lead to the active development of invasive plants, eutrophication of water bodies, shoreline erosion, and significant loss of water and land resources of Muromets Island. The conclusions substantiated in the article are of general geological, ecological and practical significance. They are the beginning of environmental monitoring on this issue, expand knowledge about the peculiarities of the geological structure of Kyiv and the Dnipro floodplain, and update data on the development and ecological situation of this territory. This provides an opportunity to predict and determine the direction of development of negative environmental changes in advance, to make early decisions regarding agents of negative influence and pressure on the geological environment, and to respond in time to their localization or termination. The obtained data can also be used in the arrangement of geological and engineering works related to the preservation of the Dnipro floodplain and the shoreline of the dry land, as well as in the planning of environmental protection measures.
Analysis of grassland ANPP dynamics due to changes in climate variables at Ukrainian Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova"
(2017) Belyakov, Sergiy; Gofman, Orysia; Vyshenska, Iryna; Zvegintsev, Sergey
The Ukrainian feather-grass steppe ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate changes. To study the impact of climatic factors on steppe ecosystems’ productivity, the correlation and stepwise regression analysis between ANPP and other variables were provided. The correlation of bioclimatic variables (month precipitation, relative humidity and air and soil temperatures) and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) were investigated for three study plots that represent major steppe microrelief: plain, slope and lowland. The results of multiple regression analysis showed the major components that influenced the ANPP at each of the study plots "Plain", "Slope" and "Lowland". The precipitation and relative humidity in the months before the vegetation peak were most important for ANPP accumulation. Results of this study are important for the prediction of ecosystem changes under the climate changes and also for the development of nature conservation programmes.
Analysis of Moon's gravitational - wave and Earth's global temperature: influence of timetrend and cyclic change of distance from Moon
(2018) Matsuki, Yoshio; Bidyuk, Petro
This research examined the influence of Moon’s gravitational-wave to Earth’s global warming process and the effects of time-trend and cyclic change of the distance between Moon and Earth. In the pervious research, we found that the Moon’s gravitational-wave could influence the process of the Earth’s global warming; and, we also found that Moon’s cyclic movement around Earth needed to be further investigated, because it gave a unique pattern of distribution in the data for the empirical analysis; while both global temperature and global carbon-dioxide increase almost linearly in the time-series. In this research we added dummy binary variables that simulate the trend of time and the cyclic changes. As a result we confirmed that the influence of Moon’s gravitational-wave is significant in the process of rising global temperature on Earth.
Antarctic Hairgrass Rhizosphere Microbiomes: Microscale Effects Shape Diversity, Structure, and Function
(2022) Prekrasna, Ievgeniia; Pavlovska, Mariia; Miryuta, Natalia; Dzhulai, Artem; Dykyi, Evgen; Convey, Peter; Kozeretska, Iryna; Bedernichek, Tymur; Parnikoza, Ivan
The rhizosphere microbiome of the native Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica from the central maritime Antarctic was investigated using 16S RNA metagenomics and compared to those of the second native Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis and closely related temperate D. cespitosa. The rhizosphere microbial communities of D. antarctica and D. cespitosa had high taxon richness, while that of C. quitensis had markedly lower diversity. The majority of bacteria in the rhizosphere communities of the hairgrass were affiliated to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The rhizosphere of C. quitensis was dominated by Actinobacteria. All microbial communities included high proportions of unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and there was high heterogeneity between samples at the ASV level. The soil parameters examined did not explain this heterogeneity. Bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were sensitive to fluctuations in the soil surface temperature. The values of the United Soil Surface Temperature Influence Index (UTII, It i) showed that variations in most microbial communities from Galindez Island were associated with microscale variations in temperature. Metabolic predictions in silico using PICRUSt 2.0, based on the taxonomically affiliated part of the microbiomes, showed similarities with the rhizosphere community of D. antarctica in terms of the predicted functional repertoire. The results obtained indicate that these communities are involved in the primary processes of soil development (particularly the degradation of lignin and lignin-derived compounds) in the central maritime Antarctic and may be beneficial for the growth of Antarctic vascular plants. However, due to the limitations associated with interpreting PICRUSt 2.0 outputs, these predictions need to be verified experimentally.
Anthropogenic impact of the war on the condition of surface waters of the rivers Kazennyi Torets and Kryvyi Torets within the city of Druzhkivka
(2025) Horoshkovа, Lidiia; Menshov, Oleksandr; Nekos, Alla; Korniichuk, Yuliia; Khaduskina, Kateryna
Purpose. To provide a comprehensive ecological assessment of the surface waters state of the Kryviy Torets and Kazenny Torets rivers in the city of Druzhkivka in order to determine the main anthropogenic factors of influence, in particular the consequences of war. Methods. System analysis, statistical processing methods, analysis of retrospective dynamics, and forecasting of future trends. Results. An analysis of water condition indicators was carried out for the monitoring posts – Kryvyi Torets River and Kazennyi Torets River. Organic pollution (BOD₅ and dissolved oxygen) in both rivers throughout the entire observation period there was a systematic excess of BOD₅ over the MPC. The concentration of dissolved oxygen repeatedly dropped below the standard, which indicates a threat to aquatic biota and disruption of selfpurification processes. Nitrites constantly and significantly exceeded the standard, especially in 2005–2008. Periodic significant maxima of phosphate-ion content were recorded, which indicates eutrophication processes and the inflow of phosphates from detergents and fertilizers. Water mineralization (sulfate and chloride ions) is high, especially in 2006–2008 and 2011–2013. Since 2014, stabilization has been observed, but at a high level. Using the Forecast Sheet resource forecasting carried out, which showed good convergence of forecast and actual values. No positive dynamics in water quality were recorded — in 2024–2025 most indicators exceed the MPC. Conclusions. The rivers Kazennyi Torets and Kryvyi Torets are in a state of persistent organic and chemical pollution. The overall ecological condition remains unsatisfactory, and in 2024–2025 the situation has even worsened. Overall, the war has significantly deepened the ecological problems of these rivers. They require a comprehensive approach to restoration: modernization of treatment facilities, rehabilitation of aquatic ecosystems, and restoration of the monitoring system. Without this, there is a threat of further degradation of the region’s water resources, which will have long-term consequences for the environment and human health.
Assessing Climate Aridity Trends in Southern Ukraine during 1991-2020
(2023) Boychenko, Svitlana; Kuchma, Tetyana; Maidanovych, Nadiia; Myronova, T.
Assessment of Climate Aridity Trends in the Southern Region of Ukraine was conducted using data meteostations for the period 1991-2020. The analysis of climate aridization trends over the past 30 years in the study region has revealed a notable intensification of this process, especially in recent years. The hottest summer months occurred in 1992, 1999, 2001-2003, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2017-2019. These periods were marked by anomaly high temperatures, dry winds, extended non-rainfall periods, and low air humidity, often reaching as low as 30%. Over the past 30 years, from March to October, the Southern Region experienced an average of 203±6 non-rainfall days, with a trend indicating an increase by an average of 0.4±0.1 days per 10 years. Conversely, the number of days with relative humidity up to 30% on the March–October time scale averaged 41±16 days, with a tendency to increase by 1.2±0.7 days per 10 years. The highest occurrence of days with relative humidity up to 30%, on average in the region, is typically observed in July and August (7 and 10 days per month, respectively). To assess climate aridity and calculate drought severity for vegetation were used a satellite-derived Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Drought indices derived from the summed VHI values in August for the years 2007, 2018, and 2020 in the Southern Region of Ukraine are presented.
Assessing the influence of different types of anthropogenic impact on beech forest ecosystems structure in Latorica river basin
(2013) Kozak, Olena
The six habitat types in beech forest zone in Latorica river basin have been studied: 1. Primary beech forests; 2. Modified beech forests; 3. Semi-natural beech forests; 4. Secondary hay meadows; 5. Secondary pasture meadows; 6. Ruderal habitat. Indicator species analysis, biodiversity indices calculations (species richness, evenness, Shennon-Wiener index and Simpson index), ecosystem structure and species composition assessment have been performed.
Assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates on surface air temperature values for a plain part of Ukraine
(2022) Boychenko, Svitlana; Maidanovych, N.; Zabarna, O.
The main principles of the methodology for assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) on the values of annual and average monthly temperature in Ukraine for the period 1991-2020 are proposed. Thus, the annual surface air temperature decreases by an average: of 0.69oС per 100 m of height above sea level, of 0.51oС with a shift of one degree of latitude to the north, and of 0.08oС with a shift of one degree of longitude to the East. The altitudinal and latitudinal gradients of temperature have the greatest spatiotemporal variability and the longitudinal gradient has the smallest one. These gradients generate "microclimatic noise" of temperature. On their basis, a regional semi-empirical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of the average monthly temperature for the plain part of Ukraine for the period 1991-2020 was worked out. A comparison of values of model average annual and monthly temperature for 58 meteostations in Ukraine with their actual values showed a statistically significant correlation. Additionally, validation of semi-empirical model average monthly temperature for 10 other stations was carried out.
Assessing the potential of Populus species for post-war forest ecosystem recovery in Ukraine with GIS
(2025) Shemet, Yevheniia; Zarebina, Anzhelika; Kozak, Olena
Since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion, Ukraine has suffered extensive environmental damage, with military activities affecting nearly one-third of its territory. Forest ecosystems have been severely impacted by wildfires, soil disturbance, and pollution from military waste, making restoration efforts difficult. Given their ecological adaptability, fast growth, and phytoremediation capacity, Populus species show strong potential for rehabilitating degraded landscapes. This study uses GIS-based analysis to evaluate the suitability of Populus species for post-war forest recovery in Ukraine, considering their distribution, habitat preferences, and tolerance to soil and human impact conditions.
Assessment of aridization of climatic conditions on the Crimean Peninsula in summer using ground and satellite data
(2022) Boychenko, Svitlana; Kuchma, Tetiana
Climate vulnerability of the Crimean Peninsula is assessed based on the temperature and precipitation changes for the period 1991-2021 and satellite-derived drought index (VHI) variations for the period 2001-2021. There is an increase of temperature on average by 0.78±0.01 oC per 10 years in summer, and a slight change in precipitation in June and July (within 2±1%). While in August there is a decrease of the precipitation amount by 10-12%. According to analysed data, the most severe drought condition manifestation on the Crimean Peninsula over the last twenty years was observed in 2007, 2017, 2018 and 2020. In the central part of the Crimean peninsula, which belongs to the climatic zone of Steppe Crimea, arid conditions had the greatest manifestation and distribution (zones with extreme and severe drought conditions are observed). Minor areas in the mountainous part of the Crimea also have signs of arid conditions, but for the most part the condition of vegetation is satisfactory in this area. In percentage terms, in 2007 VHI values of extreme and severe drought occupied 57% and 20% of the peninsula’s area accordingly, as well 10% and 29% in 2017, 7% and 22% in 2018 and 11% and 26% in 2020.
Assessment of Green Space's State Along Highways: A Case Study of Kiltseva Road (Kyiv, Ukraine)
(2024) Vorobiova, K.; Kozak, O.; Khlobystov, D.
The types of green spaces within a 1 km radius of Kyiv’s Kiltseva Road were identified using the buffering method in the QGIS geoinformation environment. GIS techniques were used to analyze the vegetation cover, specifically utilizing land use data from OpenStreetMap. Field observations in July 2024 focused on assessing leaf damage in the most abundant tree species (Tilia cordata Mill., Populus nigra L., Acer platanoides L., A. negundo L., and Picea pungens Engelm.) at 13 selected points along Kiltseva Road. The assessment includes leaf damage caused by pathogens and pests (including chlorosis, necrosis, pigmentation, pathogens and herbivore damage). Results show that the degree of leaf damage was medium to high, with 9.7% and 10.0% of the leaf area affected in the northwestern and southern parts of the highway, particularly near major transport interchanges. In contrast, the northern and western sections showed lower medium damage rates of 8.5% to 8.8%. Additionally, various amounts of solid dust particles (originating from soil and anthropogenic sources) were detected on the surface of tree leaves. Red-brown pigmentation, observed along the main veins of the leaves, can be the consequence of atmospheric pollution from NOx and SO2 emissions. The state of green spaces was further impacted by extreme weather conditions, including abnormally high temperatures (above 30°C) and prolonged drought periods during the summer.
Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) Bioaccumulation and Translocation by Erigeron canadensis L. in Polluted Soil
(2024) Laptiev, Volodymyr; Giltrap, Michelle; Tian, Furong; Ryzhenko, Nataliia
This work aims to assess the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil–plant system (Erigeron canadensis L.) in the zone of anthropogenic impact in Dnipro city, a significant industrial and economic centre of Ukraine. Sampling was carried out at three locations at distances of 1.0 km, 5.5 km, and 12.02 km from the main emission sources associated with battery production and processing plants in Dnipro. The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analysed using atomic emission spectrometry from soil and parts of Erigeron canadensis L. The highest concentrations of elements in the soil, both for the mobile form and the total form, were determined to be 48.96 mg kg−1 and 7830.0 mg kg−1, respectively, for Pb in experimental plot 1. The general ranking of accumulation of elements in all experimental plots, both for the plant as a whole and for its parts, was as follows: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb. Zn for plants was the most available heavy metal among all studied sites and had the highest metal content in the plant (339.58 mg kg−1), plant uptake index (PUI-506.84), bioabsorption coefficient (BAC-314.9), and bioconcentration coefficient (BCF-191.94). According to the results of the study, it is possible to evaluate Erigeron canadensis L. as a hyperaccumulator of Zn, Cu, and Cr and recommend it for phytoextraction of soils contaminated with Zn, Cu, and Cr and phytostabilization of soils contaminated with Pb.
Assessment of lost benefits for nature conservation areas and objects due to war in the post-war recovery system of the country
(2023) Horoshkova, Lidiia; Vasyl'yeva, O.; Antoniuk, D.; Antoniuk, K.; Horoshkov, S.; Tarasenko, O.
The study involves an analysis of the existing "Methodology for Determining Damage and the Extent of Losses Incurred by Enterprises, Institutions, and Organizations of All Forms of Ownership Due to the Destruction and Damage to Their Property as a Result of Armed Aggression by Russian Federation, as well as Lost Benefits from the Inability or Obstruction of Economic Activity Implementation" for its application in assessing the lost benefits of the Azov-Syvash National Natural Park. Considering the non-profit nature of the institution’s activities, proposals are developed to improve the Methodology by creating an algorithm for assessing lost benefits for non-profit organizations engaged in economic activities and of significant societal/state importance. Determining the extent of lost benefits was carried out using the following estimation procedures: analysis and determination of the compounding period within which the lost benefit from the asset (property) is considered; calculation of the annual amount of cash flows and conversion into a monthly amount for the entire compounding period; justification of the components of the compounding rate and its determination; determination of the future value of cash flows at the end of the compounding period through compounding these cash flows.
Assessment of mountain ecosystems changes under anthropogenic pressure in Latorica river basin (Transcarpathian region, Ukraine)
(2014) Kozak, Olena; Didukh, Yakiv
The Carpathian mountain ecosystems have been changed under anthropogenic pressure during last decades. The different types of anthropogenic pressure affect the ecosystem characteristics and functioning. The species composition, species richness and ecological indicator values of 12 ecological factors were compared among 14 habitats: natural, semi-natural, degraded and ruderal ecosystems in different altitude zones. The results show that anthropogenic pressure and altitude gradient influence indices of edaphic and climate conditions. The anthropogenic pressure also affects biodiversity: the highest species richness and Shannon–Wiener index are observed in habitats with ‘intermediate’ disturbances level, while high level of disturbances cause decrease in biodiversity. The disturbances cause the ecosystem to become susceptible to invasion of alien species, while native species, especially rare, become vulnerable and can disappear.

Browse

Browsing Кафедра екології by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options