006. Факультет соціальних наук і соціальних технологій

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The 1996 Constitution of Ukraine: A reflection of the values of the political elite
(1999) Wynnyckyj, Mychailo
Adaptation and testing of an assessment for mental health and alcohol use problems among conflict-affected adults in Ukraine
(2018) Doty, S. Benjamin; Haroz, Emily; Singh, Namrita; Bogdanov, Sergiy; Bass, Judith; Murray, Laura; Callaway, Karis; Bolton, Paul
Background: In Ukraine, a large number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and veterans experience social and psychological problems as a result of the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Our purpose was to develop reliable and valid instruments to screen for common mental health and alcohol use problems in these populations. Methods: We used a three-step process of instrument adaptation and testing. The instrument - the Mental Health Assessment Inventory (MHAI) - combines adapted standard screeners with items derived locally in Ukraine. A validity study was conducted using a sample of 153 adults (54% male) ages 18 years and older. All participants in the sample were IDPs or veterans living in or near the major urban areas of Kyiv and Zaporizhia. Reliability testing (internal consistency, test-retest) and validity testing (construct, criterion) of the MHAI were conducted using classical test theory. After initial testing, we used Item Response Theory (IRT) to shorten and further refine the instrument. Results: The MHAI showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the main outcomes: depression (α = 0.94; r = .84), post-traumatic stress (PTS; α = 0.97; r = 0.87), anxiety (α = 0.90; r = 0.80), and alcohol use (α = 0.86; r = 0.91). There was good evidence of convergent construct validity among the scales for depression, PTS, and anxiety, but not for alcohol use. Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis supported use of shortened versions of the scales for depression, PTS, and anxiety, as they retained comparable psychometric properties to the full scales of the MHAI. Conclusion: The findings support the reliability and validity of the assessment - the MHAI - for screening of common mental health problems among Ukrainian IDPs and veterans. Use of IRT shortened the instrument to improve practicality and potential sustainability.
Administrative restructuring of inter-regional and inter-ethnic relations: confronting types of solutions: [preprint]
(European Centre for Peace and Development of the University for Peace established the United Nations, 2007) Yakushik, Valentin
In the context of the present analysis, “administrative restructuring” is regarded as the process leading to at least one of the following three results: (1) a change in the political and legal status of particular administrative entities within a state; (2) significant corrections of the boundaries between the existing administrative entities; (3) the creation of the new administrative (e.g. autonomous) entities, or the dissolution or loss of the old (traditional) ones. The present analysis is not just a purely theoretical exercise; rather, it is an attempt to present some typologies, which are relevant and important for identifying and listing the existing and possible confronting approaches (some of them being latent) to solving the acute inter-ethnic and inter-regional conflicts in the Western Balkans and, in particular, in Kosovo and Metohija (although not only there, but possibly also in Montenegro, Macedonia and Bosnia–Herzegovina). Keeping in mind mostly the process of further restructuring of the ex-Yugoslav territory (and concentrating on the related topical issues), some relevant and useful experiences of other regions will be presented, and some conclusions can be drawn from other countries facing the problems of separatism and irredentism, or at least the extreme forms of decentralisation, bordering on fragmentation.
Adoption of the governmental affordable medicines programme by Ukrainians
(2020) Shevchenko, Maryna; Yurochko, Tetiana; Skrypnikova, Olena
Ensuring that the local population has access to medicines is one of the functions of a modern democratic state and an important element of social policy. The question of the affordability of medicines to the public is extremely important. This is also due to the fact that, unlike in European countries, Ukraine did not have a system of medicines reimbursement. To date, the reimbursement Affordable Medicines Programme has been in effect since April 2017 and is applicable to patients with cardiovascular disease, bronchial asthma, and type II diabetes. In total, 258 medicines are included in the Programme, 64 of which can be obtained free of charge and the others with a small extra payment. The respondents' perceptions of the Programme were conducted through a secondary analysis based on the third wave of the "Health Index. Ukraine" which was held in 2018 by the International Renaissance Foundation, the School of Public Health of the National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy, and the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology. This study aims to present the results of the research of the attitude of Ukrainians to the government Affordable Medicines Programme and their perception of its implementation. The total number of respondents to this survey totaled more than 10,000 household representatives. The results of the research indicate a positive assessment of the respondents who participated in the survey "Health Index. Ukraine" (76% in 2018), which is confirmed by other research of the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (63% in 2019) and by international experts. The results of the survey do not allow us to draw any official conclusions about the impact of the Programme on the health of Ukrainians, but during the interview 60.6% of the respondents said that the Programme "helped improve health"; in addition, positive changes in health were indicated by the most financially vulnerable categories of the population. It is also noted that 80–82% of prescriptions were reimbursed to Programme participants.
Alternative mechanisms of state public health institutions financing
(2011) Hural, Anastasiya; Gryga, Irena
Der ambivalente Aufstieg einer ukrainischen "unzivilen Gesellschaft" nach dem Euromaidan
(2019) Umland, Andreas
Parteipolitischer Ultranationalismus war bislang in der postsowjetischen Ukraine – insbesondere bei nationalen Wahlen – ungewöhnlich schwach. Die drei wichtigsten rechtsradikalen Parteien "Freiheit" (Swoboda), "Rechter Sektor" (Prawyj Sektor) und "Nationales Corps" sind auch nach dem Euromaidan politisch marginal geblieben. Allerdings hat eine rechtsextreme "unzivile Gesellschaft" – die teils eng mit ultranationalistischen Parteien verbunden ist – im Kontext des anhaltenden Krieges mit Russland an öffentlicher Akzeptanz gewonnen. Die Aktivitäten dieser Nichtregierungsorganisationen und deren gelegentliche Zusammenarbeit mit staatlichen Institutionen verlangen nach sorgsamer Beobachtung durch ukrainische und ausländische Watch-Dog-Organisationen sowie Eindämmung durch die Kiewer Regierung.
L'androgynie : inversion des sexes et des rôles dans les rituels du cycle familial
(2004) Mayertchyk, Mariïa
Lorsque, dans les coutumes de mariages, les époux revêtent les ornements réservés traditionnellement au sexe opposé, les ethnologues s’interrogent. Que signifient ces gestes ? Qu’en est-il en particulier pour les rites funéraires ? Quant aux rituels accompagnant la naissance, affaire de femme par tradition, les usages ukrainiens donnent au père un rôle marquant. Cependant, l’inversion et le brouillage de l’identité sexuelle ne semblent pas relever uniquement de rites folkloriques. Plus proches de nous dans le temps, certaines cultures semblent également chercher à se fonder sur ces codes paradoxaux.
Anti-EU narratives through the Russian-Ukrainian war in the light of StopFake.org’s debunks
(Dykinson, 2023) Churanova, O.; Romaniuk, Viktoriia
Disinformation as a tool of warfare was actively used in the Soviet Union and then by the Russian Federation. The conduct of Russia's hybrid war in Ukraine since 2014 has been accompanied by various information operations whose aim is to introduce harmful malign ideas and views into collective and individual consciousness; to disorient and misinform the public; to undermine certain beliefs and stability; to instill fear about one's neighbor through the portrayal of an enemy (Horban, 2015). Russia constantly disseminated a series of disinformation narratives to distort Ukraine's image in the eyes of both Western allies and Ukrainians themselves. Russia actively employs reflexive control to influence the opinions of the majority and the decisions made by stakeholders (Fedchenko, 2016; Media Aijr & Vailliant, 2018). Reflexive control compels a stronger opponent to voluntarily choose a particular action to benefit Russia and shapes the necessary perception of the situation around the opponent (Makukhin, 2018; Snegovaya, 2015). To this end, Russia creates the necessary images, visualizations, fake statements, and fake studies, including fake and manipulative news, all of which work in concert and in one direction – to make the adversary think and make decisions in a way that benefits Russia.
Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: the Future of Media under the Influence of New Technologies
(2024) Iaroshenko, Oleksandra
With the rapid advancement of technology and the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI), professionals across various fields, including journalists worldwide, are actively exploring AI’s potential. They are discussing its applications, quality standards, and the ethical issues it raises. AI significantly accelerates journalistic work, especially in tasks like analyzing public data and documents, fact-checking, transcribing audio files, translating, editing videos, and converting text to audio. There are even instances of news, articles, and videos being entirely generated by AI. This raises questions: Can AI replace journalists in the future? Can AI be trusted? How can AI technologies assist journalists? What will journalism look like in the future with the development of AI? The main objective of the study is to provide an overview of the use of AI technologies in modern journalism, analyzing their main advantages and disadvantages and addressing the ethical dilemmas that arise. The study’s source base includes scientific publications on AI’s impact on journalism, particularly from the last two years, using data from Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions, and additional research from domestic scholars found on Google Scholar. The review also covers the most influential monographs, analytical reports, and dissertations on this topic. Methodology. The research employs a combination of bibliometric approaches and content analysis to provide a comprehensive conceptual and structural overview of the issues, understanding trends, and the impact of relevant research. Results and conclusions. The integration of journalism and AI technologies presents both challenges and new opportunities. AI enhances journalists‟ capabilities, saving time, freeing them from routine tasks, and increasing the efficiency of media content creation. However, in the era of AI and social media, it is crucial to maintain the public’s right to reliable and timely information. The field of responsible journalism must uphold this standard. Producing high-quality content with AI’s assistance requires clear technical guidelines and human oversight. Mastering AI technologies and using them responsibly is an essential task for journalists today. Significance of the study in the generalization of research and journalistic practices in the field of application of AI in journalism, the main directions and interrelationships of such application are revealed, new valuable evidence is obtained.
Assessing psychometric of the perceived stress scale and identifying stress-associated factors in a sample of Ukrainian female refugees in the Czech Republic
(2024) Mazhak, Iryna; Maltseva, Kateryna; Sudyn, Danylo
The full-scale Russian war has caused refugees to experience many stressful events, which may have a long-term adverse impact on their physical and mental health. Understanding the factors associated with increasing/decreasing stress is essential for the psychosocial support services for refugees. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is a popular tool for assessing life stress perception through self-reporting. The purposes of the study were: 1) to examine the psychometric qualities of the Ukrainian versions of the PSS-14 and PSS-10; 2) to determine the level of perceived stress; 3) to reveal factors associated with perceived stress in the sample of Ukrainian female refugees in the Czech Republic (N = 919). Methods: Perceived stress was measured by the Ukrainian versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14 and PSS-10) which were validated by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Linear regressions were run to understand associations between self-reported physical health conditions, the barriers to adaptation in the host country, the determinants of social health and perceived stress. Results: Both PSS-14 and PSS-10 scales had a high level of internal consistency. Two factors (involving positive and negative items) were extracted based on exploratory factor analysis. The external consistency was confirmed by analysing correlations of the PSS-14/PSS-10 and coping strategies as well as self-reported physical and mental health. Ukrainian female refugees in the Czech Republic experienced moderate to high levels of perceived stress. The study found that on the one hand, a decrease in self-reported physical and mental health statuses, worsening health due to the war, low housing quality, financial disadvantages, experience of cultural differences issues and discrimination, healthcare access inequalities, lack of Czech language skills, failure to integrate into social activities within Ukrainian community, lack of social support, and applying an avoidant coping strategy are factors associated with forced migration that could increase perceived stress in the sample of Ukrainian female refugees. On the contrary, the level of perceived stress of participants could decrease with increasing social support, including such factors as regular communication with relatives and friends who are staying in Ukraine, and having good relations with loved ones, friends, and locals. Conclusions: The Ukrainian version of PSS-10 has good psychometric properties and can be relied upon to measure perceived stress. The study revealed factors associated with the perceived stress in the sample of Ukrainian female refugees in the Czech Republic and emphasised the necessity of psychosocial support services and developing interventions to help cope with stress among Ukrainian female refugees in the host country.
Assessment of the health system: [book chapter]
(2015) Shevchenko, Maryna
The seventh chapter of the book entitled "Ukraine: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition".
Attitudes towards ATO/JFO veterans and their political activism in Ukraine
(2020) Kvit, Anna; Martsenyuk, Tamara
This paper analyses attitudes towards veterans among the adult population of Ukraine, its support for veterans in politics, trust to veterans, and expectations from them. It also identifies information sources used by the population to form their opinion about veterans. The paper is based on the results of the all-Ukrainian public survey conducted in May-June 2019. .
The award concerning jurisdiction in the coastal state rights dispute between Ukraine and Russia: What has been decided and what to expect next
(2021) Koval, Dmytro
On 21 February 2020, the Annex VII Tribunal rendered its Award concerning the jurisdiction in the Dispute Concerning Coastal State Rights in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and Kerch Strait (Dispute Concerning Coastal State Rights in the Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and Kerch Strait (Ukraine v. the Russian Federation), PCA Case No. 2017-06, Award Concerning the Preliminary Objections of the Russian Federation [Award], 2020). The Award opened a new chapter in the high-stakes legal battle between Ukraine and the Russia Federation over the alleged seizure and exploitation of oil fields on Ukraine’s continental shelf, fisheries near the coast of Crimea, navigation through Kerch Strait, the construction of Kerch Bridge, and the conduct of studies of underwater archeological and historical sites in the Black Sea. The Award reflected on six objections raised by Russia. Thus, the Tribunal backed Russia’s arguments that ruling on most Ukrainian claims concerning the rights in the Black Sea will inevitably require the Tribunal to first decide on the issue of sovereignty over Crimea. Therefore, it won’t have jurisdiction over those claims. Addressing the objection concerning the status of Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov, the Tribunal stressed that the issue does not possess an exclusively preliminary character and cannot be resolved without judging on the merits. It also disagreed with the Russian objection that UNCLOS does not at all regulate a regime of internal waters. The Tribunal listed three examples of provisions of UNCLOS that are applicable to internal waters. They regulate 1) the boundaries of the internal waters areas; 2) execution of the right of innocent passage in internal waters areas which had not previously been considered as such, and 3) protection and preservation of the marine environment. The Tribunal declined further objections of the Russian Federation and set 20 August 2021 as a deadline for the submission of memoranda by the parties.
The Battle for History and Building of Identity: Fake News confronts Professional News [electronic resourse]
(2021) Kvit, Serhii
Western expert community does not seem critical enough towards the phenomenon of Russian imperialism. Here, one should mention the strong traditions of Russo/Sovietphilia, which are often based on dirty Russian money, an interest in the Byzantine tradition, love of Russian ballet, in particular the music of Ukrainian Petro Tchaikovskyi, Russian literature, in particular the works of Ukrainian Mykola Gogol, and approval of Putinism as a special civilizational path. The "battle for history" thesis (fundamental to the politics of memory) is unacceptable to professional historians because its subjective approach diverges from their prime task of searching for and understanding the truth. At the same time, one cannot deny that the historical agenda has become extremely media-oriented and even news-based. That is, from some point of view, interpretations of history can be seen as matters of concern to society on par with current domestic problems that directly affect quality of life.
The Battlerfront of civilizations: education in Ukraine
(Kyiv Mohyla Academy Publishing House, 2015) Kvit, Serhii
This compendium of previously published articles, biogs, speeches, reviews, and essays of Serhiy Kvit is intended to inform a foreign audience about events and issues in Ukraine and related to Ukraine since 2008. Some of the biogs were published in Universicy World News over 2012-2014. Other materials in this colleccion were published or presented to audiences in Australia, the US, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Finland, Poland, Bel· gium, and, of course, Ukraine. The writing is divided into four sections: Ideology, University World News, 1he Mea· ning of University, and Henneneutics and Mass Communications. The themes cover current developments, such as educational reform and the dramatic social changes of recent years, and more philosophical and global issues. As the oldest universicy in Ukraine and an insti· tution that has led by example as both an agent and a catalyst for critical educational and social changes, the National Universicy ofKyiv-MohylaAcademy is the focus and even the locus of many of the issues and changes presented here.
Believers in the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches of Kyiv and Moscow Patriarchates: Sociodemographic Differentiation and Political Opinionsна
(2017) Bogdan, Olena
Based on survey data of Kyiv International Institute of Sociology for May 2016, this article compares believers of the two largest Ukrainian Churches - the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches of Kyiv and Moscow Patriarchates - in their essential sociodemographic characteristics, language preferences, national identity and opinions regarding desired Ukraine’s international policies. Data shows no statistically significant differences in age or urban-rural distributions. There are minor questionable differences in levels of education and income as well as preferred language of communication (significant with probability 0.95 but not 0.99). Despite differences in macroregional distribution, national identity and views on international policy, an overwhelming majority in both Churches consider themselves "only Ukrainian", without combining this identity with Russian or any other. While a noticeable degree of differentiation exists along the lines of Russian identity (not including language preferences) and desired relations with the Russian Federation, this difference can hardly be interpreted as principally divisive since there is a strong support for Ukraine’s independence among adherents of both Churches and noticeable levels of support for various policies within each of them.
Between Frontline and Parliament: Ukrainian Political Parties and Irregular Armed Groups in 2014-2019
(2021) Fedorenko, Kostiantyn; Umland, Andreas
The short-lived Ukrainian armed volunteer movement and its interaction with electoral politics, in some regards did, and in other regards, did not fit patterns observed in research into irregular armed groups (IAGs). The brief life span of most Ukrainian IAGs as more or less independent actors, and their swift integration into Ukraine’s regular forces during the years 2014–2015, were both unusual. They were also one of the reasons for the relatively low political impact of the IAGs as such - a repercussion that is in contrast to the partly impressive individual political careers of some IAG commanders in 2014–2019. There were various forms of interpenetration of parties with IAGs in post-Euromaidan Ukraine. Certain parties, political activists, and MPs took part in the creation and development of IAGs in 2014. Some – to that point, mostly minor - politicians became soldiers or commanders of IAGs. Subsequently, a number of IAG members transited into the party-political realm, either joining older parties or creating new political organizations.
Between Professionalism and Activism: Ukrainian Journalism after the Euromaidan
(2017) Budivska, Halyna; Orlova, Dariya
A crucial benchmark in Ukraine’s recent history, the Euromaidan protests triggered many transformations across Ukrainian society. Ukrainian journalism has affected and has been affected by these changes and their challenges. Journalists’ activism emerged as one of the major features of Ukraine’s post-Euromaidan media landscape but remains understudied. Informed by the concepts of "journalism culture" and "journalism professionalism", this article explores journalists’ perceptions about their activism, the boundaries of their professionalism and their experiences confronting the activism versus professionalism dilemma. It identifies journalists’ competing approaches to the new challenges and their complicated context and discusses these approaches’ implications for the Ukrainian media and journalism.
Between Russia and the West: Prospects for Ukrainian Foreign Policy Choices
(1998) Haran, Olexiy
The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the newly independen states created a new geopolitical situation, not only in Eastern Europe, but on the global level a well. The West lost its main enemy, the Cold War is over, and many Americans believe tha there are no grounds for U.S. involvement in the affairs of the former Soviet Union. However, Russia remains a great power with a huge nuclear arsenal, and the future of economic and political reform is unclear, as its foreign policy, especially in the so-called “near abroad.” The conflicts in this region influence the domestic and foreign policies of Russia and destabilize the situation in Eastern Europe, providing new challenges for Western policy in this region.
Binarna opozycja semantyczna "tu" i "tam" w konstruowaniu wizji swiata pozagrobowego (faza przejscia). Region Karpat
(1996) Majerczyk, Maria; Hnatiuk, Ola
Mitologiczno-poetycka wyobraznia rozpatruje smierc czlowieka jako odejscie do innego swiata, wedröwke, dlugq droge. W schematycznym ujeciu te wiare w istnienie dwu swiatöw, granice ktörych pokonuje zmarly mozna opisac w kategoriach „tu” i „tam” . Dia scislejszego okreslenia rozlozymy te pojecia na szeregi bliskich synonimicznych znaczen. Kategoria „tu” zawiera w sobie znaczenie ten swiat, znane, bezpieczenstwo, obrona, zycie, uregulowanie. Jest to otoczenie, ktöre czlowiek widzi na co dzien, rozumie je i konstruuje z niego zwykty obraz swiata, „tu” czlowiek znajduje schronienie. Kategorie „tam” mozna rozlozyc na szereg antonimiczny do „tu” : swiat pozagrobowy, niepoznawalnosc, nieznane, niebezpieczenstwo, zagrozenie, dzikosc. Przytoczone antonimiczne opisowe szeregi wystepujq jako warianty pewnego arcyznaczenia, ktöre, dzieki laricuchowi synonimöw odkrywa sie nam w sensie bliskim do tego, ktörym jest ono obdarzone w granicach struktury swiadomosci pierwotnej.

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