Кафедра економічної теорії

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Browsing Кафедра економічної теорії by Author "Kurylo, Iryna"

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    Elderly in Ukraine during the war: situation, needs, examples of resilience
    (2023) Kurylo, Iryna
    The paper investigates the Ukrainian older adults' social, economic, and humanitarian circumstances in the context of the russian war against Ukraine. It mainly analyses the challenges and needs of the elderly residing in regions affected by active hostilities, those who have experienced occupation, and internally displaced older persons. The main problems for older people in the areas of active hostilities and those who have been in the occupied territories are loss and (or) damage of housing; difficulties in evacuating, especially lonely people and those who lost social (family) support; destruction of institutions for the elderly and disabled as well as medical infrastructure; increased poverty and limited access to basic food, hygiene, and medicine, poor health; vulnerability to war crimes by the occupiers. For internally displaced older persons, the following problems are determined: the shortage of housing in slightly safer regions; limited financial opportunities for rental housing and meeting other basic needs (food, medicine, etc.); significant deterioration of health conditions forced by the physical and psychological trauma experienced and displacement during the war; living in temporary shelters with an increased risk of being placed in institutions for the elderly. There are some of the most urgent needs of older people in Ukraine in the context of war: various medicines and hygiene products; food and its delivery to the affected regions; transporting older people, including transferring them to the bomb shelters; increased need for medical care, psychological and social rehabilitation; help with home care and household chores. The paper underlines the resilience of older adults to the hardships they face, their high level of self-organisation and mutual assistance during russia’s war against Ukraine.
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    Generative strategies in times of shocks: Ukraine's experience
    (Departamentul Editorial-Poligrafic al ASEM, 2023) Kurylo, Iryna; Aksyonova, Svitlana
    Russian full-scale invasion caused serious threats to generative activity in Ukraine. The concept of generative activity encompasses a set of actions and relationships aimed at childbearing and care about child/children, fulfilling the obligations of adults to contribute to the well-being of the younger generations through upbringing, teaching, socialization and also taking care of their safe environment. There are various strategies concerning childbearing in unsafe conditions of war in Ukraine, among them: postponing the birth of a child for better times, having a child to continue the family line, having a child after a previous postponement (due to fear of no having better chance later), having a child as a replacement for a lost child or pregnancy, etc. From the beginning of the full-scale war, there was an increase in women's responsibility for the safety and upbringing of children, and an increase in the prevalence of "intensive motherhood" as a generative strategy because many women lost direct support in raising and caring for children from men. The full-scale war forced many mothers to move abroad with children, and others – to move with children to safer areas within Ukraine, many husbands/ fathers are protecting their motherland on the frontline, and some woman and their children have already lost their husbands/fathers during this war. From the start of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation until now, more than 1.6 thousand children in Ukraine have been left without parental care due to the death of their parents (one or both of them).
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    Tendencies of mortality and life expectancy in Ukraine before the Russian full scale military invasion
    (2022) Kurylo, Iryna
    The ambivalence of mortality and life expectancy dynamics in Ukraine is a significant and complex demographic problem. Our aim is to examine the last tendencies of mortality and life expectancy, analyse the level and dynamics of mortality by major causes of death before the Russian military invasion of Ukraine. This analysis constitutes a base for the further comparative estimation of demographic losses due to the war. Trends of sex- and age-specific mortality are considered. Specific characteristics of mortality in urban and rural settlements are analysed. We use the following methods: demographic rates, standardized death rates (European standard population), life tables, decomposition method, descriptive statistics, graphic method. Our findings suggest that following a period of growth in life expectancy (2009-2013) a period of fluctuation and stagnation (2014-2019) has started in Ukraine under the influence of political-military and economic factors. Beginning with 2020, life expectancy was additionally influenced by COVID-19. Non-communicable diseases are among significant contributors to premature adult mortality in Ukraine. However, the excessive share of deaths (especially among men) is also related to external causes. The dynamics of mortality from cardiovascular diseases show a general trend of decline over the past fifteen years, however with fluctuations in the latest years. A deterioration has already taken place in 2020. There is a slight decrease in cancer mortality over the past fifteen years. The reduction in death rate from external causes in Ukraine over this period was significant. The standardized death rate from digestive diseases has increased with COVID-19 having played a leading role in the unfavourable changes of life expectancy over the past two years.