Класичні принципи та правила досліджень соціальної стратифікації
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Date
2017
Authors
Малиш, Ліна
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто еволюцію методології соціологічного дослідження соціальної стратифікації. На основі підходу І. Лакатоса як основні структурні одиниці дослідницької методології виділено
принципи (ключові постулати) та правила (директиви щодо проведення розвідки), які, з огляду на
притаманну їм модальність, поділяються на позитивну та негативну евристику. Перелічені структурні елементи методології – принципи, позитивну та негативну евристику – визначено в низці
класичних підходів до вивчення соціальної стратифікації, представлених працями К. Маркса,
М. Вебера, П. Сорокіна, К. Девіса, В. Мура, Т. Парсонса та П. Блау. У статті продемонстровано, які
зміни відбувалися в методології стратифікаційного аналізу на класичному етапі її становлення.
The paper describes the evolution of methodology of research in social stratification. On the basis of Imre Lakatos’ approach, principles (key assumptions) and rules (guidelines for research activities), divided into two modalities (negative heuristic and positive heuristics), are considered as structural units of the research methodology. The above structural elements of methodology (principles, negative heuristic, and positive heuristic) were defined in the works on peculiarities of stratification research of Karl Marx, Max Weber, Pitirim Sorokin, Kingsley Davis, Wilbert E. Moore, Talcott Parsons, and Peter M. Blau. The paper demonstrates peculiar properties of methodology of research in social stratification of the classical period, due to the formation of this branch of social studies. The authors defined the meaning of key concepts used in the structural analysis and described the main forms of social stratification. The scientists paid attention to the causes of social inequality and searched for resources through which unequal distribution generates stratification in society. The stratification approaches have become more complex: K. Marx described the one-dimensional stratification model in which the ranking of individuals was based only on one criterion (property). Instead, M. Weber, P. Sorokin, K. Davis, W. Moore, T. Parsons and P. Blau created a multi-dimensional stratification model based on a number of parameters. The meaning of the concept of class has changed from the idea about it as a group of people bound by common goals (K. Marx) to its quality definition as a category of persons selected by specific analytical criteria (M. Weber, T. Parsons). Furthermore, some scientists refused to use the concept of class (P. Sorokin, K. Davies, W. Moore). In addition, a range of issues of stratification researches has expanded and included not only the hierarchical ranking of individuals but also their differentiation (P. Sorokin, P. Blau).
The paper describes the evolution of methodology of research in social stratification. On the basis of Imre Lakatos’ approach, principles (key assumptions) and rules (guidelines for research activities), divided into two modalities (negative heuristic and positive heuristics), are considered as structural units of the research methodology. The above structural elements of methodology (principles, negative heuristic, and positive heuristic) were defined in the works on peculiarities of stratification research of Karl Marx, Max Weber, Pitirim Sorokin, Kingsley Davis, Wilbert E. Moore, Talcott Parsons, and Peter M. Blau. The paper demonstrates peculiar properties of methodology of research in social stratification of the classical period, due to the formation of this branch of social studies. The authors defined the meaning of key concepts used in the structural analysis and described the main forms of social stratification. The scientists paid attention to the causes of social inequality and searched for resources through which unequal distribution generates stratification in society. The stratification approaches have become more complex: K. Marx described the one-dimensional stratification model in which the ranking of individuals was based only on one criterion (property). Instead, M. Weber, P. Sorokin, K. Davis, W. Moore, T. Parsons and P. Blau created a multi-dimensional stratification model based on a number of parameters. The meaning of the concept of class has changed from the idea about it as a group of people bound by common goals (K. Marx) to its quality definition as a category of persons selected by specific analytical criteria (M. Weber, T. Parsons). Furthermore, some scientists refused to use the concept of class (P. Sorokin, K. Davies, W. Moore). In addition, a range of issues of stratification researches has expanded and included not only the hierarchical ranking of individuals but also their differentiation (P. Sorokin, P. Blau).
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Keywords
дослідницька методологія, принцип, правило, негативна евристика, позитивна евристика, research methodology, principle, rule, negative heuristic, positive heuristic, стаття
Citation
Малиш Ліна Олександрівна. Класичні принципи та правила досліджень соціальної стратифікації / Малиш Л. О. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Соціологічні науки. - 2017. - Т. 196. - С. 3-12.