Олицькі зем'яни князя Станіслава Радзивила в останній третині XVI ст.
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Date
2022
Authors
Стафійчук, Маргарита
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Abstract
У фокусі статті перебуває одна з груп клієнтели великого литовського маршалка (1592–1595)
і жмудського старости (1595–1599) князя Станіслава Радзивила (1559–1599) – зем’яни Олицької
волості. Серед іншого розглянуто суперечливе питання термінології та класифікації магнатської
клієнтели, здійснено спробу реконструкції персонального складу, походження, обов’язків і майнового становища тієї категорії слуг, які на умовному праві посідали землю в межах володінь згаданого
аристократа. Метою статті є аналіз групи олицьких "ленників" князя Станіслава Радзивила й
висвітлення складних усталених зв’язків між патроном і представниками його клієнтели. Зокрема,
підкреслено значення не лише матеріальних, а й символічних взаємин між контрагентами. Перша
спроба представлення колективного портрета олицьких зем’ян виявила деякі цікаві закономірності
й відкрила нове коло питань, які потребують подальшого дослідження.
The article is focused on one of the groups of the clientele of the Grand Marshal of Lithuania (1592– 1595) and the Samogitia Starost (1595–1599) Prince Stanislav Radziwill (1559–1599) – the landowner of the Olyka Volost. Among other things, the controversial issue of terminology and classification of the prince’s clientele is considered, an attempt is made to reconstruct the personal composition, origin, duties and property status of that category of servants who, on a conditional right, owned land within the domain of the mentioned aristocrat. The analysis of Prince Stanislav Radziwill’s "zemiany" from Olyka majorat demonstrates the established complex relationship between the patron and representatives of his clientele, and emphasizes the importance of not only material, but also symbolic relationships between counterparties. The first attempt to present a collective portrait of the prince’s landed gentry group revealed interesting patterns and opened up a new range of questions that require further research. The category of landowners, who held land from the patron on the condition of military service, united people of various social and geographical origins. We can say that most of these people were nobility from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Volhynia and Mazovia. Estates of the Olyka Volost were possessed by both – his clients and governors of his estates, and lawyers of the prince. The patron provided these estates for temporary holding, most often till the death or on the guarantee of a certain amount of money, without the return of which he could not take the previously leased patch of land back under his control. During the life of the first Olyka majorat owner, the percentage of landed gentry in the capital volost grew steadily. Questions related to the profitability of retired estates, the service conditions of "zemiany" and family contacts within their circle require additional study.
The article is focused on one of the groups of the clientele of the Grand Marshal of Lithuania (1592– 1595) and the Samogitia Starost (1595–1599) Prince Stanislav Radziwill (1559–1599) – the landowner of the Olyka Volost. Among other things, the controversial issue of terminology and classification of the prince’s clientele is considered, an attempt is made to reconstruct the personal composition, origin, duties and property status of that category of servants who, on a conditional right, owned land within the domain of the mentioned aristocrat. The analysis of Prince Stanislav Radziwill’s "zemiany" from Olyka majorat demonstrates the established complex relationship between the patron and representatives of his clientele, and emphasizes the importance of not only material, but also symbolic relationships between counterparties. The first attempt to present a collective portrait of the prince’s landed gentry group revealed interesting patterns and opened up a new range of questions that require further research. The category of landowners, who held land from the patron on the condition of military service, united people of various social and geographical origins. We can say that most of these people were nobility from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Volhynia and Mazovia. Estates of the Olyka Volost were possessed by both – his clients and governors of his estates, and lawyers of the prince. The patron provided these estates for temporary holding, most often till the death or on the guarantee of a certain amount of money, without the return of which he could not take the previously leased patch of land back under his control. During the life of the first Olyka majorat owner, the percentage of landed gentry in the capital volost grew steadily. Questions related to the profitability of retired estates, the service conditions of "zemiany" and family contacts within their circle require additional study.
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Keywords
Радзивили, Олицька ординація, клієнтела, зем’яни, стаття, Radziwills, Olyka majorat, clientele, landed gentry ("zemiany")
Citation
Стафійчук М. В. Олицькі зем'яни князя Станіслава Радзивила в останній третині XVI ст. / Стафійчук М. В. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2022. - Т. 5. - С. 5-12. - https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-3417.2022.5.5-12