Формування семантики лексеми патріотизм в українській, англійській і польській мовах
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Date
2016
Authors
Близнюк, Катерина
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Abstract
У статті проаналізовано словникові дефініції лексем патріотизм в українській, patriotism
в англійській і patriotyzm у польській мовах як назв центральних понять однойменних лексико-семантичних
полів, а також визначено історичні й культурні фактори, що вплинули на формування
семантики зазначених одиниць.
Description
The article observes the influence of historical and cultural factors on lexical semantics of the words
"патріотизм" in Ukrainian, "patriotism" in English and "patriotyzm" in the Polish language as the central
concepts of lexical-semantic fields. It argues that the extralinguistic events and processes are significant for
the semantics of the socio-political lexicon. The analysis of the etymological dictionaries shows that the
basic meaning of the studied concepts was formed in the 17th century in French, where the word "patriot"
was used to describe someone who feels love and devotion to his or her country and nation. The word
"patriotism" appeared at the end of the 18th century and was associated with the ideals of the French
Revolution, which were the equality of citizens, the commitment to law, the active public position, and
patriotism. The equality was provided for all members of the society regardless of their nationality. Bretons,
Provencals, Alsatians, and others were showing their love and devotion to their country, having the genetic
links and sharing the same history, traditions, and languages. At that time, the political nation was formed
in France, and its boundaries coincided with the boundaries of the state; therefore, the feeling of patriotism
for their nation was identical to the feeling of patriotism for their country. The English language inherited
the word "patriotism" from French, so its dictionary definitions contain only one object of this feeling denoted
by combinations of semes "their" + "country" and "one"s" + "country". On the contrary, Ukrainian and Polish
definitions contain both objects (a country and a nation) denoted by semes "батьківщина" and "народ" in
Ukrainian and "ojczyzna" and "naród" in Polish. Ukrainians, as well as Poles, lived in the territories
belonging to different countries. In consequence, it was very important for them to identify the members of
their nations on the basis of a common origin, culture, traditions, and languages, and, unlike the English
people, to feel patriotism not only for the country they live in but also for the nation they belong to.
Keywords
лексема, сема, дефініція, етимологія, мовна картина світу, lexeme, seme, definition, etymology, linguistic picture of the world
Citation
Близнюк Катерина Ростиславівна, Формування семантики лексеми патріотизм в українській, англійській і польській мовах / Близнюк К. Р. // Магістеріум. - 2016. - Вип. 62 : Мовознавчі студії. - С. 15-17.