Проблеми вивчення еволюції арабографічної тюрксько-османської писемності
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Date
2016
Authors
Туранли, Ферхад Ґардашкан Оглу
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Abstract
Досліджено проблему поступального розвитку турецької рукописної писемної традиції,
зазначено загальні типові та специфічні особливості рукописних документів, написаних тюрксько-арабографічною, тюрксько-османською мовою впродовж другої половини ХV – першої чверті
ХVIII ст. При цьому наголошується, що цю мову в сучасній тюркології розглядають як варіант
загальної тюркської мови тюркі ( .(تُرْكىِ
Description
The subject of the study is a progressive development of the Turkish manuscript tradition. There have
been outlined the general typical and specific features of the manuscript documents ( وقيعنامه / vakâyi‛-
nâme, that is “a chronicleс”) that were written in the Arabographic Turkic Ottoman language between the
second half of the 16th C. and the first quarter of the 18th C. In Turkic Studies this language is a variant of
the common Turkic language called “Turkey” ( تُرْكىِ ). In the historic retrospective the mentioned written
sources originate directly from the oldest remnants of the Turkic language and writing system, and namely –
from the Runic inscriptions on the tombstone monuments found in the basin of Orkhon River. These Runic
inscriptions are written memos reflecting the initial phase of the Turkic chronicle writing development. It
seems worth emphasizing that a significant amount of the source stuff that we have studied was compiled
on the base of eyewitnesses’ attestation: direct witnesses of the events and phenomena, information of
which was fixed in Turkic Ottoman chronicles referred to from the second half of the 16th century to the first
half of the 18th century. We suppose that this tradition of the Turkic Ottoman chronicle-writing, related to
the above mentioned historical period, is a kind of a “reporting genre” ( رِسَالَة ) that existed in the Arabic
writing tradition in the early Medieval times. “Seljukname” is historically important for the source studies
of the Turkic Ottoman writing system not only due to the given chronicle in terms of its origin it is the
oldest manuscript in Turkish, but for the reason that its contents clearly reflected the connection of the
Turkic Ottoman chronicle-writing tradition with the Arabic writing tradition related to the early Medieval
period. In 1046, resulting from the victory of the military forces of Togrul-bey, the Ruler of the state of
the Seljuk’s ( رُ کنالدین طُغرُلبک بِن سَلجوقْ ), over the Bizentine Army in a battle that took place near the city of
Genje in Azerbaijan, this area came under the power of the Turkic Seljuks state too. It is from that time
that the oldest original texts of the Turkic Ottoman chronicle-writing are related to; the Turkish chroniclestudying
scholars called them “Tevârîh” ( تواريخ ) or “Târîh” ( تاريخ ), i.e. “History” or “a chronicle”. When
considering the Turkic chronicle-writing, it should be noted that in the Ottoman Empire each noble person,
and the Sultan ( سُلتان ) primarily, as well as the other highest authorities in the Sultan’s government (namely
these were the وزيرى اعظم / vezîr-i a zam) and the sheikh-ül İslâm ( شيخول اِسلام ) headed a Mejlis ( / مجلِس
meclis) of his own, that is had a close circle of his friends, counselors, supporters. At such majlises there
were read and discussed historical events for the purpose of checking the authenticity of the data related to
the respective events, so as to highlight them in chronical works in a fact-based way.
Keywords
еволюція, мова, рукопис, традиція, письмо, літопис, абетка, тюрки
Citation
Туранли Фергад Ґардашкан Оглу. Проблеми вивчення еволюції арабографічної тюрксько-османської писемності / Туранли Ф. Ґ. // Магістеріум. - 2016. - Вип. 62 : Мовознавчі студії. - С. 89-95.