Етнічна демократія та демократія міжетнічної згоди: порівняльний аналіз
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Date
2016
Authors
Коршук, Роман
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Abstract
У статті проаналізовано концепції етнічної демократії та демократії міжетнічної згоди. Розглянуто зміст цих концепцій, здійснено їхній порівняльний аналіз.
Description
The article analyzes the concept of ethnic democracy and interethnic consent democracy. Ethnic democracy
is seen as a specific type of a democratic political regime that seeks to combine the first incompatible
principles: democratic procedures and the dominance of the ethnic majority. The author of the concept of
ethnic democracy is an Israeli researcher Sammy Smooha. The ethnic democracy combines democratic rights
for all citizens, certain collective rights of ethnic minorities, and the ethnic majority domination. Examples of
ethnic democracy today are Israel, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, and other countries. The article distinguishes the
features of ethnic democracy, outlines several factors that contribute to the smooth functioning of the democratic
form of the political regime, and examines the problem of correlation characteristics of ethnic democracy
and ethnocracy. The author of the concept of the interethnic consent democracy (in a broader sense,
consocial democracy, democracy of communities) is an American researcher Arend d’Angremond Lijphart.
He considers this form of democracy as the best way to solve the problems of inter-group interaction in plural
societies. The concept of interethnic consent democracy is based on the desire to overcome the ratio “dominant
majority vs non-ruling minority” by consensus procedures, providing each ethnic community opportunities
to participate in state affairs. Examples of interethnic consent democracy are Switzerland, Belgium,
Canada, Lebanon, Cyprus (for the years 1960-63), Czechoslovakia (1989–1992). This article analyzes the
basic features of democracy interethnic consent and considers conditions of optimal functioning of interethnic
consent democracy. Comparative analysis of concepts and practical examples of implementation of the ethnic
democracy and the interethnic consent democracy shows that, in spite of significant differences, they have
some common features. The ethnic democracy is democracy of ethnic majority, while interethnic consent
democracy is democracy of ethnic majorities – the main ethnic segments. The interethnic consent democracy
provides for equal rights to members of the largest ethnic (cultural) segments, while immigrants and numerically
small indigenous peoples find themselves in the role of national minorities. Also, both of these forms
unify the presence of insight (mythical or real) of external or internal threats that existed in the past or currently
exist. In fact, this feature is one of the cementing elements of the existence of ethnic democracy and
interethnic consent democracy.
Keywords
етнополітика, демократичний політичний режим, етнічна демократія, демократія міжетнічної згоди, етнічність, нація, націоналізм, меншина, титульна нація, панівна нація, ethnopolitics, democratic political regime, ethnic democracy, interethnic consent democracy, ethnicity, nation, national/ethnic minority, titular ethnic group, dominant nation
Citation
Коршук Роман Миколайович. Етнічна демократія та демократія міжетнічної згоди : порівняльний аналіз / Коршук Р. М. // Магістеріум : Політичні студії. - 2016. - Т. 64. - С. 44-49.