Злочинний вплив та доцільність його збереження у новому Кримінальному кодексі України
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Date
2021
Authors
Нікітін, Артем
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Abstract
У статті визначено основні хиби норм, що встановлюють кримінальну відповідальність за діяння, пов’язані зі злочинним впливом, проаналізовано можливість їх збереження в нинішньому вигляді у чинному Кримінальному кодексі України та доцільність перенесення в проєкт нового Кримінального кодексу України. На підставі цього зроблено висновок, що зазначені положення щонайменше потрібно суттєво переглянути з урахуванням висловлених науковцями зауважень, їх не можна перенести до нового кримінального закону в тому вигляді, в якому їх сформульовано нині. Автори проєкту нового Кримінального кодексу, обґрунтовано відмовившись від існуючої концепції злочинного впливу, змогли визначити такі кримінально-карані діяння, які можна вважати певним аналогом злочинного впливу, на перший погляд уникнувши тих недоліків, які наявні у відповідних нормах чинного кримінального закону. Водночас зробити остаточні висновки щодо прийнятності відповідних
положень можна лише після завершення роботи над проєктом нового Кримінального кодексу за наявності його повного тексту.
The concept of criminal influence, which was introduced into the Criminal Code of Ukraine in June 2020, has been highly criticized by the scientific community and practitioners, among other things, for violation of the principle of legal certainty and the rule of law. This article defines the main disadvantages of the provisions that establish criminal liability for acts related to criminal influence and analyzes the feasibility of preservation of these provisions in their original form in the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the possibility of their transfer to the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is concluded that the mentioned norms should be at least substantially revised, with taking into account comments of the Ukrainian scientists, and cannot be transferred into the new criminal law as they are currently defined. Moreover, introduction of specific amendments to other laws is also required in this regard. The Working Group on the development of criminal law, as the author of the draft of the new Criminal Code, reasonably refused from the existing concept of the criminal influence. At the same time, they defined criminally punishable acts, which can be considered as a certain equivalent of the criminal influence (so-called “criminal leadership”). Provisions developed by the Working Group differ from the current by the more precise definition of specific actions, which constitute corpus delicti of criminal leadership, avoidance of jargon formulations, decrease of the terms of imprisonment for committing the relevant crimes, and diversification of criminal legal measures that can be applied to offender besides the punishment. In general, it appears that the Working Group avoided the main mistakes which are present in the current legislation. However, it is too early to draw conclusions regarding the acceptability of the proposed article of the new criminal law. Only after the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine has been finished and its provisions can be analyzed altogether, final conclusions regarding the mentioned norms can be drawn.
The concept of criminal influence, which was introduced into the Criminal Code of Ukraine in June 2020, has been highly criticized by the scientific community and practitioners, among other things, for violation of the principle of legal certainty and the rule of law. This article defines the main disadvantages of the provisions that establish criminal liability for acts related to criminal influence and analyzes the feasibility of preservation of these provisions in their original form in the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the possibility of their transfer to the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is concluded that the mentioned norms should be at least substantially revised, with taking into account comments of the Ukrainian scientists, and cannot be transferred into the new criminal law as they are currently defined. Moreover, introduction of specific amendments to other laws is also required in this regard. The Working Group on the development of criminal law, as the author of the draft of the new Criminal Code, reasonably refused from the existing concept of the criminal influence. At the same time, they defined criminally punishable acts, which can be considered as a certain equivalent of the criminal influence (so-called “criminal leadership”). Provisions developed by the Working Group differ from the current by the more precise definition of specific actions, which constitute corpus delicti of criminal leadership, avoidance of jargon formulations, decrease of the terms of imprisonment for committing the relevant crimes, and diversification of criminal legal measures that can be applied to offender besides the punishment. In general, it appears that the Working Group avoided the main mistakes which are present in the current legislation. However, it is too early to draw conclusions regarding the acceptability of the proposed article of the new criminal law. Only after the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine has been finished and its provisions can be analyzed altogether, final conclusions regarding the mentioned norms can be drawn.
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Keywords
кримінальна відповідальність, реформування кримінального законодавства, правова визначеність, злочинне лідерство, стаття, criminal liability, reformation of the criminal legislation, legal certainty, criminal leadership
Citation
Нікітін А. О. Злочинний вплив та доцільність його збереження у новому Кримінальному кодексі України / Нікітін А. О. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Юридичні науки. - 2021. - Т. 7. - С. 44-51.