Відображення найдавнішого релігійного культу кісток у мистецтві пізнього ашелю та доби мустьє
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Date
2021
Authors
Бондарчук, Ярослава
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Abstract
Розглянуто символічні ритуальні композиції з кісток і магічні знаки на фрагментах кісток доби
пізнього ашелю та доби мустьє. З’ясовано, що початок зародження релігійних уявлень про магічну
здатність кісток відроджувати життя тварин і людей (як і зародження вірувань про магічну дію
жіночих фігурок та символічних знаків) припадає на період пізнього ашелю (400–200 тис. р. т.),
тобто між появою людини і виникненням релігійної свідомості, яка потребувала об’єктивації
в символічних знаках і композиціях, пройшло більше двох мільйонів років.
The purpose of the article is to establish the time of the origin and evolution of the earliest religious beliefs associated with the cult of bones, based on the analysis of the most ancient artefacts currently known, which testify to the ritual activities of the primitive man. The considered artefacts lead to the conclusion that the most ancient evidence of the cults of bones belongs to the era of the late Acheulean and Mousterian. Animal bones were among the first objects that the primitive man singled out from the environment as sacred, and endowed with a supernatural ability to revive the lives of animals and humans. Symbolic compositions of bones and signs carved in them became sacred attributes used for magical rites. The first acts of the ritual symbolization marked the emergence of sacred art and magic, which, radically different from the directly useful work, passed into a special plane of connection of men with the supernatural force. The earliest monuments (Torralba, Ambrona, Azykh), which testify to magical actions with bones, date back to about 400–200 thousand years BC. Thus, more than 2 million years passed from the appearance of man (ca. 2.7 million years ago) to the emergence of religious ideas, which required objectification in cult items and the performance of certain rituals. Although it cannot be denied that the intuitive subconscious sense of the supernatural power has been inherent in man since the beginning of his existence, purposefully by cultic magical actions that called on higher powers for help, he began to practice from the period of the late Acheulean.
The purpose of the article is to establish the time of the origin and evolution of the earliest religious beliefs associated with the cult of bones, based on the analysis of the most ancient artefacts currently known, which testify to the ritual activities of the primitive man. The considered artefacts lead to the conclusion that the most ancient evidence of the cults of bones belongs to the era of the late Acheulean and Mousterian. Animal bones were among the first objects that the primitive man singled out from the environment as sacred, and endowed with a supernatural ability to revive the lives of animals and humans. Symbolic compositions of bones and signs carved in them became sacred attributes used for magical rites. The first acts of the ritual symbolization marked the emergence of sacred art and magic, which, radically different from the directly useful work, passed into a special plane of connection of men with the supernatural force. The earliest monuments (Torralba, Ambrona, Azykh), which testify to magical actions with bones, date back to about 400–200 thousand years BC. Thus, more than 2 million years passed from the appearance of man (ca. 2.7 million years ago) to the emergence of religious ideas, which required objectification in cult items and the performance of certain rituals. Although it cannot be denied that the intuitive subconscious sense of the supernatural power has been inherent in man since the beginning of his existence, purposefully by cultic magical actions that called on higher powers for help, he began to practice from the period of the late Acheulean.
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Keywords
період пізнього ашелю, доба мустьє, культ кісток, первісні магічні обряди, ритуально-знакова діяльність первісної людини, стаття, late Acheulean, Mousterian, early Upper Paleolithic, the cult of bones, primeval magic rites, ritual and symbolic activity of primitive man
Citation
Бондарчук Я. В. Відображення найдавнішого релігійного культу кісток у мистецтві пізнього ашелю та доби мустьє / Ярослава Бондарчук // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історія і теорія культури. - 2021. - Т. 4. - С. 35-45.