Троя і Північне Причорномор’я в III тис. до н. е.: можливість контактів
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Date
2019
Authors
Пустовалов, Сергій
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Abstract
Статтю присвячено морським зв’язкам ямно-катакомбного населення з Троадою та загалом Східним Середземномор’ям. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що всі відомі значні катакомбні та ямні поселення розташовані в пониззях рік, які впадають до Чорного та Азовського морів, зокрема це катакомбний шар Лівенцівського I поселення в дельті Дону, соціальний центр на р. Молочній, Матвіївське поселення інгульської культури на північній околиці м. Миколаєва. Соціальні центри ямно-катакомбного суспільства також тяжіли до узбережжя Чорного та Азовського морів. Метою цього тяжіння могли бути успішні торговельні відносини зі Східним Середземномор’ям, зокрема Троєю. Про можливість торговельних відносин між Північним Причорномор’ям та Троадою опосередковано свідчать кістки дельфіна на поселенні Матвіївка 1, наборний човен у похованні на Одещині, єгипетський скарабей, знайдений біля Мелітополя, пастові намистини з поховань ямної та катакомбної спільнот, посуд, що має аналогії на Кікладах; поліровані сокири з Трої. У 2012 р. біля с. Садове в Криму було знайдено скарб, що містив 24 речі анатолійського, троянського та північнопричорноморського походження. У статті аргументовано висновок про можливість доволі тісних обмінних відносин між Троадою та Причорномор’ям.
The article discusses the maritime relations of the pit grave-catacomb population with Troyas and the Eastern Mediterranean as a whole. The territory of Ukraine from the Neolithic age was influenced by the Ancient Near-Eastern Civilization Centre, which constantly influenced the development of the population of the south of Ukraine, especially its steppe part. An important trading centre for the entire Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea region in the 3rd millennium B.C. was Troy. All economic spatial structures tended to form regular hexagons: a special version of the structure, the centres of which faced the coasts of the seas. In the plan, they are sectors of a circle. Such a configuration of spatial structures means that the sea communications played a very important role in the economy and social life of such peoples. Antique social organisms expanded their sphere of influence, moved to the steppe, and attracted local tribes to their structures. All known significant catacomb and pit grave settlements are also located in the lower reaches of the rivers flowing into the Black and Azov Seas. This is the catacomb layer of Liventsovka I settlement. It is located in the delta of the Don. The social centre on the river Molochna is located near the sea. Matviivka settlement of the Ingul culture is located on the northern outskirts of the city of Mykolayiv. The oldest monuments of the Donetsk culture, according to the observations of S. Bratchenko, are concentrated along the shores of the Sea of Azov. The pit grave social centre was located in the Budzhak steppe, not far from the Black Sea. Mykhailivka settlement (hillfort), where both pit grave and catacomb materials are presented in the upper layer, was also located below the Dnieper rapids. Novotitorovsky social centre was located in the lower reaches of the Kuban river. As one can see, the social centres of the pit grave-catacomb society are also located at the coast of the Black and Azov seas. The goal of this attraction could be successful trade relations with the Eastern Mediterranean and in particular Troy. The possibility of trade relations between the Northern Black Sea region and Troyas is indirectly indicated by the dolphin bones in the settlement of Matviivka 1, a typesetting boat in the overlap of the pit burial in Odesa region. The Egyptian scarab is found near Melitopol, and pasta beads from the graves of the pit and catacomb communities are also known. Dishes that have analogies in Cyclades; Troy’s polished axes can also be evidence of these connections. Very much to identify close relations between these regions gives the treasure found in 2012 near Sadove village in the Crimea. It contains 24 items of Anatolian, Troyan and Northern Black Sea origin. This suggests that close exchange relations existed between Troyas and the Black Sea region.
The article discusses the maritime relations of the pit grave-catacomb population with Troyas and the Eastern Mediterranean as a whole. The territory of Ukraine from the Neolithic age was influenced by the Ancient Near-Eastern Civilization Centre, which constantly influenced the development of the population of the south of Ukraine, especially its steppe part. An important trading centre for the entire Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea region in the 3rd millennium B.C. was Troy. All economic spatial structures tended to form regular hexagons: a special version of the structure, the centres of which faced the coasts of the seas. In the plan, they are sectors of a circle. Such a configuration of spatial structures means that the sea communications played a very important role in the economy and social life of such peoples. Antique social organisms expanded their sphere of influence, moved to the steppe, and attracted local tribes to their structures. All known significant catacomb and pit grave settlements are also located in the lower reaches of the rivers flowing into the Black and Azov Seas. This is the catacomb layer of Liventsovka I settlement. It is located in the delta of the Don. The social centre on the river Molochna is located near the sea. Matviivka settlement of the Ingul culture is located on the northern outskirts of the city of Mykolayiv. The oldest monuments of the Donetsk culture, according to the observations of S. Bratchenko, are concentrated along the shores of the Sea of Azov. The pit grave social centre was located in the Budzhak steppe, not far from the Black Sea. Mykhailivka settlement (hillfort), where both pit grave and catacomb materials are presented in the upper layer, was also located below the Dnieper rapids. Novotitorovsky social centre was located in the lower reaches of the Kuban river. As one can see, the social centres of the pit grave-catacomb society are also located at the coast of the Black and Azov seas. The goal of this attraction could be successful trade relations with the Eastern Mediterranean and in particular Troy. The possibility of trade relations between the Northern Black Sea region and Troyas is indirectly indicated by the dolphin bones in the settlement of Matviivka 1, a typesetting boat in the overlap of the pit burial in Odesa region. The Egyptian scarab is found near Melitopol, and pasta beads from the graves of the pit and catacomb communities are also known. Dishes that have analogies in Cyclades; Troy’s polished axes can also be evidence of these connections. Very much to identify close relations between these regions gives the treasure found in 2012 near Sadove village in the Crimea. It contains 24 items of Anatolian, Troyan and Northern Black Sea origin. This suggests that close exchange relations existed between Troyas and the Black Sea region.
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Keywords
археологія, торгівля, просторова структура, Північне Причорномор’я, 3 тис. до н. е., стаття, archeology, trade, spatial structure, Northern Black Sea region, 3rd millenium B.C., article
Citation
Пустовалов С. Ж. Троя і Північне Причорномор’я в III тис. до н. е.: можливість контактів / Сергій Пустовалов // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історія і теорія культури. - 2019. - Т. 2. - С. 47-52.