Звітня конференція Докторської школи НаУКМА

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Construction of Identity of the Crimean Tatars in the Ukrainian media discourse
(2013-02-27T14:18:39Z) Bezverkha, Anastasia
The Crimean Autonomous Republic is an ethnically diverse region and the only region in Ukraine where the Crimean Tatars, a Muslim ethnic group, lives within compact vicinity among the Slavic majority (mostly ethnic Russians and Ukrainians). Crimean Tatars, who suffered deportation in 1944 by the Stalin regime, have been returning en masse to their native lands since the 1980s. They consider themselves indigenous population to the Crimean peninsula and demand respective political and cultural rights as well as in need for state support of their economic and cultural development. Despite the long-lasting attempts for economic and cultural integration of the returnees, the Slavic majority of the Crimea shares a high level of xenophobic beliefs towards the Crimean Tatars, their culture and religion, excluding them from political and social spheres. National and regional media play a crucial role in shaping the exiting popular beliefs about the Crimean Tatars as well as sustaining and reproducing a certain image of this ethnic group, influencing both how the Crimean Tatar population perceives its own national identity and how it is being imagined by the rest of the Ukrainian society. Research questions 1. How is the Crimean Tatar identity being constructed by the Ukrainian media discourse? 2. How do the Ukrainian media shape the self-identification of the Crimean Tatars? 3. Which narratives of deportation communicated by the media discourse impact the Crimean Tatar national identity? The study is grounded in the social constructivism ontology and uses critical discourse analysis and audience analysis as dominant methodological approaches. The research examines practices of representation of the Crimean Tatars in the texts of the leading Ukrainian national and the Crimean regional printed and online media outlets. Additionally, historical narratives of the 1944 deportation are analyzed in the national, Crimean as well as the Crimean Tatar national media. Conducting of the audience analysis in the last chapter of the thesis is aimed at the study of perception of the media discourse by the population of the Crimea – the Crimean Tatar and the Slavic majority. Based on the research findings a theoretical model or a key argument will be developed.
Downshifting as a case of voluntary downward social mobility in Ukraine. Balance between work and leisure in the dimension of values
(2013-02-27T15:39:51Z) Pyrogova, Daryna
Voluntary downward social mobility is comparably new trend of social behavior. In Ukraine it is compelled in most of cases because of job cuts, but now there are few but very reasoned voluntary decisions for shift to less money and more time to fulfill the life. The sociological perspective allows us to examine changing value orientations toward work and leisure, what can be one of reasons of sea changes in life style by acting voluntary downward social mobility. The downshifting phenomenon involves not only an economic trade-off of work hours for leisure, but embraces a value system that rejects the culturally dominant work obsession and accepts the vital meaning of leisure. Within the framework of my broader thesis research I conduct an analysis of data from World Values Survey (WVS). My idea is a particular focus on Ukraine comparing to countries, where relevant researches on changes in relative importance of work and leisure is in the focus of studying downshifting. It has been revealed that over time leisure becomes more important for people, while work becomes less important. Balance between work importance and leisure importance is positive in Ukraine, which means that in our country still there are more people for whom work is important, then those who consider leisure as vital. While analysis of quantitative data give the opportunity to generalize trends and changes in values, further qualitative research will build a holistic picture of experience, beliefs and social environment of Ukrainian downshifters, what can bring us to understanding the significance of this new trend of social behavior for society.
Informal Patient Payments in Central and Eastern European Countries
(2013-02-27T15:14:01Z) Stepurko, Tetiana
Informal payments for health care services are a well-known phenomenon in many health care systems around the world. Deeply ingrained informal practices accepted by both providers and consumers, and neglected by the government, seem to be a major impediment to ongoing health care reforms. The examination of level, scope and consumer’s perceptions of informal patient payments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the aim of the thesis. Based on national representative samples, the most empirical data are collected in 2010 in six CEE countries and in 2011 in three CEE countries. The results of the cross-country comparison suggest a relatively higher prevalence of informal patient payments in Romania and Ukraine, then in Hungary and Lithuania and much lower than in Poland and in Bulgaria. In the latter one, patients also meet formal service charges in the public sector. The patterns of informal patient payment confirm more incidents and higher expenditures for hospitalizations than for ambulatory care. Although users resort to informal patient pursuing better quality, quicker access and better attention, public opinions towards informal patient are quire negative and associated with corruption suggesting users’ willingness to elimination of this practice. Hereby, governments should meet public expectations and implement a strategy for dealing with informal patient payments.
Maternal characteristic and risk factors for Hepatitis C (HCV) infection among HIV positive pregnant women in Ukraine, 2010-2011
(2013-02-27T15:01:07Z) Slobodianyk, Liudmyla
The study measures prevalence of Hepatitis C (HCV) infection and defines risk factors for HCV infection among HIV positive pregnant women in Ukraine, 2010-2011. Methods: The survey was conducted in 2011 among HIV positive pregnant women. Totally 879 women participated. For 618 HCV test result was available. Women’s risk factors as well as risk factors related to women’s partners were. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was utilized to identify risk factors associated with HCV seropositivity. Results: The overall HCV seroprevalence was 20.23% (95% CI=17–23%). 10% of women reported injection drug use (IDU). 33% of women’s permanent partners were HIV-positive and for 54% of them HIV status was indicated as unknown. In multivariate analysis partner’s injection drug using among non-IDU women [PR: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3-3.1)] was associated with HCV. High HIV prevalence in region of women’s residence was significantly associated with HCV status [PR: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3-2.9)]. Conclusions: The HCV infection among HIV positive women in Ukraine is linked to the IDU practice both women and her partners. IDU women as well as IDU partners of non-IDU women are the main risk factors for Hepatitis C positivity. Strong association between high HIV prevalence in the region of women’s residence and HIV/HCV co-infection support the injection drug using as the most important route of HCV transmission.
Overview of Journalism education in Ukraine: what are the main Tendencies?
(2013-02-15T14:53:16Z) Kutovenko, Olena
The profession of journalism is changing rapidly, and this sets a challenge for Ukrainian journalism education to be examined and improved according to new transformations. With Ukraine as a participant in the Bologna Process (European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education, 2005), our country has made a promise to implement innovations and democratic transformations within our educational system. Yet, there have not been many changes, especially in journalism education, since 2005. This research presents the results of an analysis based upon 6 focus-groups and 4 in-depth interviews which demonstrate present-day tendencies in Ukrainian journalism education. For research purposes, two distinctions of journalism education are used: formal and non-formal. By formal journalism education bachelor and/or master programs of journalism at universities, which are either totally regulated by Ukrainian Ministry of Education, or have some autonomy, are meant. Non-formal journalism education refers here to various journalism educational programs usually conducted within non-institutionalized environment and supported mostly by international NGOs. Ukrainian universities are not autonomous and they generally remain under political pressure (Kvit, 2006). Moreover, Ukrainian educational system in journalism often demonstrates resistance to innovations and does not properly react to different requests or trends in our society (Fedchenko, 2011; Kvit, 2008). For example, only two out of the 10 leading Ukrainian universities with journalism departments have enough technical support to teach their students how to use new technologies in their future profession. Therefore, non-formal journalism education becomes a promising alternative of formal journalism education in Ukraine. As a result, specialized training programs in journalism organized by NGOs are becoming increasingly popular in our country.
The "Own", the "Alien" and the "Other" in Ukrainian and Polish
(2013-02-27T14:28:43Z) Semenova, Daria
This research dwells on the idea that entertaining genres, even those often relegated to youngsters’ reading as unserious, such as the adventure novel, convey ideological matters, including ideas about what the identity and values of the "in-group" are and how it relates to various Others, whether or not it was the author’s intention to fulfill didactic functions. A body of Ukrainian and Polish "wanderer’s adventure" novels throughout the 20th century is considered, which allows analyzing mechanisms pertinent to the genre in two national literatures and in different socio-cultural contexts, under national state and socialist regime, in ‘mainland’ and in diaspora. A salient national identity is conveyed by Polish novels in early 20th century, strongly allying with "Europeanness" and juxtaposing to all non-Western cultures; the latter is reconsidered throughout the century as well as the structure of "Polishness". Ukrainian Soviet literature does not witness salient national identity with other social identities being dominant, and it regains importance in the post-war emigrants’ literature. Two main motives of meeting the Other in both literatures are related to the experience of "colonizer" or "colonized", in either case the very generic structure contributing to ideological upbringing through raising the self-esteem or rethinking the national martyrology.
Potential effects of the user chargers on the consumption of physician services in six Central and Eastern European countries: Application of the stated preference techniques
(2013-02-27T15:31:39Z) Danyliv, Andriy
Patient charges for health care services are implemented in developed countries to reduce unnecessary service use. Although service use in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is high, patient charges for services are not common. Moreover, there is no evidence on their potential effects in these countries. In this paper, we provide evidence on the potential impact of patient charges on the consumption of specialized physician services in six CEE countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. We apply a semi-parametric survival analysis to the stated willingness and ability to pay (WATP) in order to identify potential demand pools, and calculate price, income and age semi-elasticities. Data are collected through a survey held in 2010 among representative samples of about 1000 respondents in each country. Our results suggest that median WATP in the studied countries ranges from 5.15 EUR to 12.2 EUR and the country ranking by WATP follows exactly the ranking by income level. Low service charges, up to 2.5 EUR in Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania and Romania, and up to 5 EUR in Poland should not cause many people to drop out of the demand pool. The lower payment interval should be studied in more detail for Ukraine, however. Official service charges together with exemption/reduction criteria are argued to be beneficial as an alternative to informal payments. Conducting demand analysis based on stated preference data might be a useful tool for designing patient payment policies, especially if new calibrating techniques are incorporated.
Representation of Sexuality in Ukrainian Press: Construction of Sexual Norms in Newspapers and News Websites
(2013-02-15T15:00:57Z) Teteriuk, Mariia
Despite numerous academic works prove that sexuality is historical, socially constructed, and diverse, social common sense still considers sexuality to be a natural entity, and individual sexual preferences are still the subject of moral panics and discrimination. In previous research on sexual coverage in the media diverse normative aspects of sexuality were concerned; however, sexual norms rarely constituted an explicit object of the study. This paper presents results of the pilot study on discursive strategies of sexual normalization in two Ukrainian media: newspaper Fakty i kommentarii and news website Obozrevatel.com.ua. The sample consisted of 20 articles from Fakty i kommentarii over the period of three months (January – March 2012) and 25 articles from Obozrevatel.com.ua over the period of 15 days (January 2012, 1-15). The combination of two research methods was used, quantitative content-analysis and critical discourse-analysis. Three discursive strategies of sexual normalization were identified: hierarchization of sexual scripts, criminalization of inter-generational sexual relations, hetero-normativity of sexual portrayals. Also, the pilot study enabled to test methodological procedure proposed in PhD prospectus and to introduce genre-thematic structure as a descriptive model for analysis of media discourse on sexuality.
The Role of Literary Criticism in the Processes of Canon Formation in the Postmodernity
(2013-02-27T14:51:07Z) Nikolenko, Viktor
The 70’s-80’s sociocultural criticism of Western literary canon has dramatically re-shaped the notion of literary canonicity. It has also thematized the problem of literary criticism discourse which generates the interpretative tradition that ensures the endurance of the canonical artworks. As the very notion of canon was challenged, it is an urgent issue to explicate the structure of critical discourse that is capable of literary values production in the postmodern situation of interpretive dissensus. This research investigates the problem of interrelations between postmodern critical discourse and canonical structure. It also explores the role of criticism in explication of hermeneutical potential of a literary canon. Analysis of the critical rhetoric sustains that postmodern criticism is rather engaged with exploration of canonical textuality than with maintenance of literary canons and aesthetic values. While deconstructing the evaluative consensus, it re-approaches the canon as the field of hermeneutical polemics. Postmodern criticism implements the speculative interpretation logic which maintains the canon as a generative source of new methods of reading. As a result, it supersedes the judgment of taste with the hermeneutically productive pragmatics of opinion. The explication of the postmodern critical discourse helps to enhance understanding of the specific critical attention attributed to canonical text in postmodern culture.
Shadow Economy of Ukraine
(2013-02-27T16:00:15Z) Nezhyvenko, Oksana
In 2011 the size of the shadow economy of Ukraine is estimated to be not less than 34% of gross domestic product. Even though the importance of studying and taking steps to reduce the size of shadow sector has been clearly agreed, measures of the government in dealing with this challenge, unfortunately do not give effective results. Research analyses theoretical background for estimation shadow economy, presents economic circumstances for it in Ukraine, and aims to define main factors of the existence of large-scale shadow economy in Ukraine in order to identify the ways to reduce it.
Борг та економічний розвиток країн із перехідною економікою
(2013-02-27T15:48:16Z) Яцкевич, Валентина
Труднощі з виконанням фінансових зобов'язань особливо обмежують можливості країн з перехідною економікою в стимулюванні подальшого економічного розвитку та збільшують їх відставання від розвинених країн. Наслідками фінансової кризи є також вимушені заходи короткострокової стабілізаційної політики, які мають неоднозначний вплив на довгостроковий економічний розвиток. У зв'язку з цим, важливим є узгодження завдань економічного розвитку із заходами боргової політики держави, виходячи з відповідного теоретичного підґрунття.
Зберігаючи ідентичність: підпільні українські греко-католики у Радянському Союзі (1946-1968 рр.)
(2013-02-13T16:07:38Z) Будз, Катерина
Виживання підпільної Церкви у радянський час було зумовлене не так її відкритим опором, як конспірацією та пристосуванням до вимог радянського суспільства. Важливу роль у збереженні питомої греко-католицької ідентичності відіграло протиставлення релігійних практик "катакомбників" обрядовим і національним особливостям Православної і Католицької Церков.
Молекулярно-генетичні механізми морозостійкості геномно-заміщеної форми пшениці Авротіка
(2013) Єфіменко, Тетяна
Дослідницькі питання: Які гени Aegilops mutica беруть участь в контролі морозостійкості Авротіки? Як змінюється експресія генів Aegilops mutica, що залучені в контролі морозостійкості, у складі геному м'якої пшениці?
Оцінка стану гірських екосистем в басейні р. Латориця
(2013-02-13T15:26:34Z) Козак, Олена
Внаслідок природних та антропогенних процесів змінюються структура екосистем, показники біорізноманіття, видовий склад, індикаторні види та екологічні показники. Ці показники в різних зонах басейну змінюються по різному.
Професійна підготовка майбутніх соціальних працівників до надання освітніх послуг людям похилого віку
(2013-02-15T15:37:00Z) Ткаченко, Наталя
Мета дослідження: визначення складових професійної компетентності майбутніх соціальних працівників із надання освітніх послуг людям похилого віку, умов її формування в процесі професійного навчання та їх експериментальна перевірка.
Пісня Пісень у літературі українського бароко: найбільш поширені образи і мотиви
(2013-02-27T14:40:01Z) Максимчук, Ольга
Дослідницьке питання: якими є форми репрезентації Пісні Пісень в українській бароковій літературі та чим обґрунтований їхній добір?
Реакції вуглецевого циклу степових угруповань на зміни рівня опадів у Південно-Східному Криму
(2013-02-13T15:17:16Z) Халаїм, Олександра
Мета дослідження: Вивчення динаміки змін у структурі та процесах вуглецевого циклу степових угруповань південно-східного Криму у відповідь на штучні зміни кількості опадів. Завдання: 1. Проведення ряду експериментів зі штучної зміни кількості опадів над степовими ділянками дослідного стаціонару (Карадазький природний заповідник); 2. Аналіз динаміки компонентів та процесів вуглецевого циклу степових угруповань дослідного стаціонару; 3. Оцінка впливу змін рівня опадів на функціонування окремих компонентів та процесів вуглецевого циклу степових угруповань.
Соціокультурні трансформації Галицьких єврейських бізнес-еліт на прикладі Дрогобича та Борислава (1867-1914)
(2013-02-13T16:41:59Z) Москалець, Владислава
Дослідницькі запитання: Формування мережі зв'язків серед єврейської еліти і підстава для довіри; Зв'язок професійної та етнічної ідентичності; Формування образу єврейського підприємця єврейським та неєврейським оточенням; Зв'язок між індустріалізацією регіону та розвитком єврейського суспільства.
Єврейська громада міста Броди 1848-1914 рр. Між лібералізмом та націоналізмом
(2013-02-13T15:56:46Z) Ранк, Домініка
Приклад єврейської спільноти міста Броди демонструє, що взаємодія між двома великими ідеологічними рухами – націоналістичним та ліберальним не обмежується лише конфліктом, зокрема гасла та дії єврейських націоналістів демонструють адаптацію певних позицій ліберальної ідеології до потреб національного руху. Дослідницькі питання: 1. проаналізувати функціонування ліберальної ідеології на прикладі єврейської спільноти міста Броди її часткової заміни національними ідеологіями (польський та єврейський націоналізми, сіонізм). 2. прослідкувати реакцію окремих груп населення (економічної еліти, рабиністичної еліти, єврейської секулярної інтелігенції) на посилення національних рухів.

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