Факультет економічних наук

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Browsing Факультет економічних наук by Subject "article"

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    Analysis of optimal liability structure for corruption
    (2018) Shkurykhin, Andrii
    State corruption is present in any of the current public governance systems and in both developed and emerging economies. The drawbacks of corruption, leading to non-optimal resource allocation and shifts in economic decisions, are extensively studied, and various anti-corruption measures have been proposed by scholars, governments and international development institutions . Designing an efficient policy is impossible without outlining the structure of liability for corruption wrongdoings. The economy of crime provides some valuable insight, which, combined with more traditional policymaking models, is useful to answer the question of the optimal liability regime for corruption.
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    Dynamic framework for strategic forecasting of the bank consumer loan market: Evidence from Ukraine
    (2023) Kaminskyi, Andrii ; Versal, Nataliia ; Petrovskyi, Oleksii; Prykaziuk, Nataliia
    Accurate forecasting of consumer loan market behavior gives banks a huge potential to optimize their credit strategies by proactively adapting to external changes. This study aims to analyze and predict consumer loan demand, supply, and profitability in the Ukrainian banking sector. Using a systemic dynamic approach, the interplay of five key factors is considered: central bank policies, GDP fluctuations, changing competitive landscape driven by FinTech companies, investment in government bonds as an alternative to loan granting, and severity of credit risk management. The developed dynamic model for the bank consumer loan market in Ukraine offers predictive capabilities enhancing decision-making and strategic planning in the banking sector and can be adapted in open small economies. Within the proposed systemic dynamic model, five scenarios were explored. Compared to the base scenario, a 4 p.p. increase in the key policy rate results in UAH 4.7 billion decrease in demand for bank consumer loans and a UAH 0.55 billion reduction in lending profitability based on the year’s results. Fall in GDP by 6 p.p. leads to a decrease in the supply of bank consumer loans by UAH 6.9 billion and a decrease in lending income by UAH 1.3 billion based on the year’s results. Scenario with the decline of FinTech portfolio by 20 p.p. quarterly leads to an increase in demand for bank consumer loans of UAH 8 billion. A 4 p.p. rise in government bond yields leads to a UAH 17 billion reduction in the supply of consumer loans in the same quarter.
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    Key determinants of dividend policy in U.S. public information technology companies
    (2025) Yakunenko, Kostiantyn; Romaniuk, Artem
    The purpose of this study is to explain why U.S. publicly listed information-technology firms – once reluctant to share cash – now pay dividends by testing how profitability, liquidity, firm age, growth opportunities, capital-expenditure intensity, past payouts, and corporate age jointly shape dividend policy. Regarding methodology, we analyze a balanced panel of 46 technology companies from 2010 to 2024 (690 firm-years) using firm- and year-fixed effects with heteroskedasticity-robust errors. All variables are standardized so that each coefficient reflects a one-standard-deviation change. Diagnostic tests address issues such as multicollinearity, serial correlation, and stationarity. The key findings reveal that dividend behavior in tech deviates from classic free-cash-flow logic: higher profitability reduces payouts (β = –2.23, p < 0.001), whereas greater liquidity increases them (β = 0.20, p = 0.01). Growth opportunities, proxied by price-to-book, dampen dividends (β = –0.39, p = 0.05), while corporate age boosts them (β = 0.14, p = 0.03), supporting life-cycle theory. Dividend smoothing is pronounced, with 57% of the previous year’s payout carried forward (β = 0.57, p < 0.001). Altogether, the model explains 51% of the within-firm variation and 43% of the overall variation, underscoring the relevance of the chosen predictors. The practical implications are twofold: managers should align the payout mode with balance-sheet context – mature platforms holding moderate cash can credibly raise regular dividends, whereas asset-light cloud businesses may favor opportunistic buy-backs – and investors can treat dividend initiation in tech as a quality screen that combines income with superior risk-adjusted returns. Crucially, these insights also help students see how capital-allocation theory translates into real-world payout decisions, making abstract finance concepts tangible in classroom discussion. Finally, the study’s originality and value lie in isolating the combined effects of liquidity, growth, and age within a single sector, thereby reconciling agency, pecking-order, and life-cycle views in an intangible-asset environment. The evidence clarifies why dividends have become a complement, rather than a substitute, for buybacks in Big Tech, providing a framework that can be replicated for cross-sector comparisons.
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    Transformation of Ukraine’s foreign trade under geopolitical challenges
    (2025) Paliienko, Tetiana; Holopoteliuk, Vladyslav
    The purpose of the study is to analyse the trends and structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade under global economic and geopolitical challenges during 2014–2024. The method of statistical analysis of time series, a comparative method for Ukraine’s foreign trade flows, and a systemic analysis of changes in world trade were applied. The results of the study identified three stages of the transformation of Ukraine’s foreign trade: the first (2014–2016) is characterized by a sharp reduction in foreign trade operations due to the annexation of Crimea and the beginning of hostilities in Donbas; the second (2017–2021) demonstrated a gradual recovery and growth in foreign trade volumes; the third (2022–2024) witnessed a rapid decline and the beginning of the recovery of exports in conditions of a full-scale war. Changes in the commodity structure of exports were identified as an increase in the share of plant products to 32.4% in 2024, a reduction in metallurgical products by almost threefold, an increase in the share of IT services and intellectual property items to 12%. A chronic deficit in the trade balance was revealed, and a radical reorientation of export flows from the markets of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries to the markets of the European Union was recorded in the geographical structure.The research materials can be used to develop Ukraine’s foreign trade strategy during the war and post-war recovery, to form a state policy to support exports, to determine priority areas for diversifying trade flows and developing export-oriented sectors of the economy.The results of the study suggest a structural modification of Ukraine’s export potential through the development of sectors with high added value, diversification of the geographical structure of foreign trade with an emphasis on the markets of Asia, the Middle East and Africa, reorientation of the metallurgical industry to the production of products with a higher degree of processing, as well as further support for the IT industry and the export of digital services as a strategic direction for ensuring a positive foreign trade balance of Ukraine.