Радянське "я" і радянське "ми" між ідеологією і реальністю / Soviet ‘I’ and Soviet ‘We’ between Ideology and Reality
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Item From Plan to Market: Homo Sovieticus vs Homo Economicus(Дух і Літера, 2024) Ivashchenko, OlhaThis chapter focuses on the social transformation of post-Soviet society through the lens of economic sociology, utilizing the path dependence methodology. From the early 1990s onwards, Ukrainians have faced novel challenges regarding employment and workplaces, marking a significant departure from the Soviet policy of lifelong full employment and its corresponding ideology. As a consequence, all developments within the socio-economic sphere, as evidenced by statistical data and sociological findings, illustrate the initially spontaneous shifts in employment dynamics, work motivation, and the pursuit of sustainable livelihoods. These changes were accompanied by the growth of market-oriented thinking. However, it is important to note that these transformations were not devoid of remnants from the Soviet era, resulting in phenomena such as the expansion of the shadow economy and the concurrent rise of informal employment alongside the emergence of a movement toward self-employment.Item The savagery of youth: Odesan street children, public anxiety, and collectivist remedies(Дух і Літера, 2024) Pauly, MatthewComintern Children’s Town No. 1 was the primary inіstitution in Odesa meant to refashion errant youth shorn of parental care by war, revolution, and famine. Soviet authorities inherited a tsarist-era fear of moral contagion represented by the city’s street children and merged multiple orphanages into this single settlement to meet the pressing challenge. As a remedy to the perceived social ills that youth suffered, the administrators of the children’s town sought to inruct their wards in the value and practice of group labor and thereby ready them for their generation’s common task: the building of socialism. But the town was not simply an educational inіstitution. Its multi-positionality made a wider collectivist ambition possible. Although isolation, correction, and salvation were inherently bound up in the enterprise of the town, they could not be reduced to a singular punitive focus.Item Soviet Secular Rituals of Late Socialism: Ideology, Aesthetics and Structuring of the Life Cycle(Дух і Літера, 2024) Studenna-Skrukwa, MartaThis chapter is devoted to the phenomenon of Soviet secular rituals prescribed by the Commission on Soviet traditions, holidays and rites operating in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1964. As the Commission was at its most active during the second half of 1970s and in the early 1980s at that time special instructions for the rituals of marriage, childbirth and funerals were published. My aim was to present a detailed description of the ceremonial procedures as recommended by the commission as well as analyzing their significance as a propaganda tool. According to my findings they were supposed to perform at least three roles. Firstly, they served as a substitute for religious rites. Secondly, they were to structure the life cycle of the Soviet man. Finally, the Soviet rituality of the period of late socialism was strongly associated with the need to create opportunities for mass consumption.