Вип. 14. Економічні студії
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Browsing Вип. 14. Економічні студії by Subject "article"
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Item Certification of IT Professionals(2004) Vakhitova, HannaThis paper examines the rate of return to Microsoft certification using a data set colleted by Microsoft Certified Professional Magazine and a control group from the Current Population Survey. The analysis indicates that this return is positive and significant. Whenever we control for occupation it drops from 33 % to 2 %-10 %, depend on specification, comparable to return form other forms of human capital. A measurement bias is also discussedItem Does EU Really Encourage Trade? The Effect of EU Market Enlargement on Ukraine's Trade Policy(2004) Ivus, OlenaThis study empirically investigates the effect of the EU integration on trade, analyses evolution in trade patterns of European economies and focuses on the effect of Candidate Countries' accession to the EU on Ukrainian trade performance. The gravity model of international trade is used to assess trade patterns between countries within one or different preferential trade arrears. The results suggest that a pair of countries both in the EU trade 210 percent more than do a pair of countries outside the EU. The findings reject a hypothesis that the EU integration implies trade diversion vis-a-vis the rest of the world. EU members increase the trade with non-member countries by 32 percent. Thus, EU future enlargement will not lead to a large trade diversity effect on the Acceding countries trade with Ukraine. However, with result should be taken with caution, because the model do not captures specific characteristics of EU trade with Ukraine. Taking into account the dynamic benefits of EU integration, Ukrainian trade reorientation towards the EU market is strongly encouraged.Item Economic Forces at Work in Academia(2004) Coupe, TomWhen economists think and write about organizations, they typically focus on commercial firms A relatively small number of economists, however, have recently begun focusing on the organization in which they work, universities. This note reviews some of this literature and draws parallelisms between the behavior and characteristics affirms and the behavior and characteristics of universities. One will note that most of this literature is based on the experience of US universities, while few studies look at West European universities. As far as I know there are no systematic (English language) studies that use Central and East European universities as subject of study. In this note, I will focus on 4 issues: the incentives given by universities to their employees, the internal organization of universities, the competition between universities for students and faculty and the use of reputation by universities.Item Franchising as a Type of Effective Business Development(2004) Hvozdova, KaterynaIn the article there is presented a comparative data on the franchising development in Ukraine and in Poland. At the beginning there is a summarized information about franchising around the world and advantages and disadvantages of it for both sides of the agreement are shown. Later in the article Lviv entrepreneur Mark Zarhin is described, who started "Pizza Chelentano" and "Potato House" and spread it in all parts of Ukraine and even abroad due to the franchising system. After that there are mentioned troubles, which restrict fast franchising development in Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the franchising system as a way out for many problems of Ukrainian small business development.Item Gross Job Flows in Ukrainian Industry(2004) Kupets, OlgaThis paper documents and analyses gross job flows in manufacturing sector in Ukraine using annual census data from 1993 to 2001. Annual job destruction dominated job creation during 1993-2000 implying persistent net employment losses every year, while a sharp jump in job creation rate from 2000 to 2001 has led to net employment gain in 2001. We find also that small firms are more dynamic than large firms, that private firms have a higher net employment growth rate, and that the behavior of firms is quite heterogeneous across industrial sectors and regions.Item Incentive Systems Behind Open Source Software Development(2004) Vakhitov, VolodymyrThe paper considers different theories of software development seeking for an answer to the following question: Why do all those numerous user-developers devote a significant part of their time and efforts to produce a virtually free public good? A long with standard economic approach borrowedfrom the theory of the firm, new theories particular for specifically open source software development are also present.Item Incidence of Wage Arrears in Ukraine(2004) Boichenko, OlenaApplying Probit estimation techniques based on nationally representative household-level data, we develop the first empirical study of the determinants of wage arrears in Ukraine. It is shown that individual characteristics of workers are less contributive to the incidence of wage arrears than the characteristics of the enterprises. Our analysis also suggests that for firms, among the most significant determinants of wage arrears are regional location, industrial affiliation and type of ownership.Item Parametric Estimation of Environmental Efficiencies and Shadow Prices of Environmental Pollutants: Cross-Country Approach(2004) Salnykov, Mikhail; Zelenyuk, ValentynThis paper has a main purpose of estimation of environmental efficiencies of economies and shadow prices of environmental pollutants for post-communist countries and comparison of them to the respective indicators of other countries. The obtained values of efficiencies can be used as sustainability indicators in determining the international development priorities. Shadow prices estimates can be used as reference values in setting rates of environmental taxation and international environmental trade rates. We approach the problem by using a Shephard-type directional distance function estimated by Translog specification for calculating efficiencies and its duality to the revenue function for estimating the respective shadow prices. Our findings point on inefficient allocation of pollution among the countries as well as provide estimates of economically justified reference values for environmental taxation and international environmental trade rates.Item "Strong" Hryvnia as a "Pull" Factor of the Foreign Capital Inflows to Ukraine(2004) Hrytsyshyn, ViktorThe paper substantiates the feasibility of the "strong" hryvnia as an instrumental tool of foreign direct investment (FDI) tapping. The specific channels of the exchange rate (ER) impact upon FDI are presented with the use of qualitative and quantitative tools. Important policy implications are outlined.Item Tobacco Excise Tax in Ukraine: Recent Developments(2004) Garmel, KaterynaThe article is devoted to the analysis of tobacco excise tax policy in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the possible effects of the latest change in tobacco excise tax system on the market demand structure.