Основні поняття синтези "Dzieje Polski w zarysie" (1879) Міхала Бобжинського
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Date
2019
Authors
Ковшун, Лілія
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Abstract
У статті автор розглядає поняття, вжиті представником краківської історичної школи Міхалом Бобжинським (1849–1935) у своєму основному наративі, виданому у 1879 р., – синтезі "Dzieje Polski w zarysie". Методом підрахунку частотності вжитку автор виділяє основні лексичні маркери та дає їм коротку характеристику. Найбільш вживаними є поняття "народ" у розумінні політичної нації, а також "врядування" і "сила". Саме ці терміни зумовили ставлення до історичного наративу як до політичної програми Бобжинського серед критиків та історіографів. Цікавою знахідкою автора є те, що Бобжинський рідко використовує концепт "сильної влади", віддаючи однозначну перевагу "сильному правлінню" і підкреслюючи таким чином першочергову потребу в організації держави, а не в авторитетній постаті на її чолі. Крім належного врядування, в основі розвитку держави лежать "єдність" і "праця", яка може набирати різних форм залежно від вимог доби та суспільної користі. Лише ті правителі, які змогли поєднати ці три ідеї в своїй політиці, забезпечили досягнення прогресивних "цілей", що, за означенням Бобжинського, є спільними для держави, народу та того, хто їх очолює, і сприяють розвитку "цивілізації".
The article outlines a number of main concepts used in one of most disputed narratives in modern Polish historiography, "Dzieje Polski w zarysie", written by Michał Bobrzyński. The author counts the frequency of occurrences and defines such concepts as "the nation", "the government", "the state", "the unity", "the right", "the power", "the work", and "the goal" as well as "the strength", "the society" and "the civilization". The author doubts historiographical opinion about importance of "the strong power" concept in Bobrzyński’s narrative, and replaces it with "the strong governance" due to the significance of its textual use. Strength of "the governance" is not enough for "the good governance"; however it should contain also "the unity", and "the work" for public wealth. In his book, Bobrzyński claims notable importance of "the unity"; it can even replace the independence of the Polish state. The concept of "the work" has special value, which can be provided in different ways such as legislative, economic or civilizational deeds. According to Bobrzyński, personality of the ruler by his or her own is not so essential; it even can be a counterweight to the governmental organization and political nation. The connecting point of these political units is the understanding of a single goal, and mutual cooperation in its achievement. The frequency of the usage of "the right" concept exposes Michał Bobrzyński’s law education and further career aims, but also reveals his connection to the ideas of Rudolph Sohm, German jurist and historian. Bobrzyński agreed with Józef Szujski, his colleague from the Cracow historical school, about the meaning of "the civilization" concept, but for Bobrzyński the Polish state triumphed only once in its history when Poland incorporated territories of Lithuania and the Kievan Rus in the late sixteenth century and established the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the dominant position.
The article outlines a number of main concepts used in one of most disputed narratives in modern Polish historiography, "Dzieje Polski w zarysie", written by Michał Bobrzyński. The author counts the frequency of occurrences and defines such concepts as "the nation", "the government", "the state", "the unity", "the right", "the power", "the work", and "the goal" as well as "the strength", "the society" and "the civilization". The author doubts historiographical opinion about importance of "the strong power" concept in Bobrzyński’s narrative, and replaces it with "the strong governance" due to the significance of its textual use. Strength of "the governance" is not enough for "the good governance"; however it should contain also "the unity", and "the work" for public wealth. In his book, Bobrzyński claims notable importance of "the unity"; it can even replace the independence of the Polish state. The concept of "the work" has special value, which can be provided in different ways such as legislative, economic or civilizational deeds. According to Bobrzyński, personality of the ruler by his or her own is not so essential; it even can be a counterweight to the governmental organization and political nation. The connecting point of these political units is the understanding of a single goal, and mutual cooperation in its achievement. The frequency of the usage of "the right" concept exposes Michał Bobrzyński’s law education and further career aims, but also reveals his connection to the ideas of Rudolph Sohm, German jurist and historian. Bobrzyński agreed with Józef Szujski, his colleague from the Cracow historical school, about the meaning of "the civilization" concept, but for Bobrzyński the Polish state triumphed only once in its history when Poland incorporated territories of Lithuania and the Kievan Rus in the late sixteenth century and established the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the dominant position.
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Keywords
краківська історична школа, польська історіографія кінця ХіХ – початку ХХ ст., Міхал Бобжинський, аналіз понять, сильна влада, держава, органічна праця, цивілізація, стаття, Cracow historical school, Polish historiography, Michał Bobrzyński, "strong power", "good go vernance", "the state", "organic work", "civilization", article
Citation
Ковшун Л. І. Основні поняття синтези "Dzieje Polski w zarysie" (1879) Міхала Бобжинського / Ковшун Лілія // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2019. - Т. 2. - С. 85-93.