Масові вбивства 1943 р. на Волині в польсько-українських історичних дискусіях 1990-х рр.
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Date
2021
Authors
Банах, Тетяна
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Abstract
На основі опублікованих джерел і введених до наукового обігу інтерв’ю з учасниками польськоукраїнського діалогу простежуються виникнення цієї теми в публічному просторі та перші польсько-українські дискусії про масові вбивства польського населення 1943 р., що велися у посткомуністичний період. Стаття фокусується на перших згадках про волинські події на спільних семінарах
польських і українських істориків, а також у польських провідних газетах. Особливу увагу звернуто
на дискусію на шпальтах часопису "Gazeta Wyborcza" у 1995 р. В українських центральних ЗМІ ця
тема залишалася зовсім непомітною. Волинське питання постало в публічному просторі після
майже п’ятдесяти років замовчування з ініціативи польських «кресових» і ветеранських середовищ,
які репрезентували жертв. У цей період усталилися певні тенденції, які залишалися характерними
в наступні роки. У Польщі ці події сприймали як один із найбільш травматичних епізодів національної історії. Тому, очевидно, з ініціативами їх обговорення виступала саме польська сторона. Українці, своєю чергою, були змушені реагувати на ці ініціативи.
The article analyzes the first public discussions of the last decade of the 20th century about mass murders of Polish population in Volhynia in 1943. The author explores the emergence of the topic of "Volhynia" in the public space and Polish-Ukrainian historical debates about these mass murders in the 1990s. The research is based on the published sources and interviews with the participants in the Polish-Ukrainian dialog. The article focuses on the first mentions of the Volhynian events in the post-communist period, on the way this issue was discussed at seminars of Polish and Ukrainian historians, and in the leading Polish newspapers "Gazeta Wyborcza" and "Rzeczpospolita". Particular attention is paid to the discussion about the mass murders in the “Gazeta Wyborcza” in 1995. The Volhynian issue appeared in the public space after almost fifty years of silence initiated from the Polish "kres" and veteran circles which represented the victims of the mass murders. This topic was arousing interest gradually. It did not immediately take a leading place in Polish-Ukrainian historical debates. In the 1990s, the discussion about "Volhynia" took place primarily between historians and within the groups to which this topic was important. There was only one discussion about the Volhynian events in the press, namely in the “Gazeta Wyborcza”. This newspaper, which appeared as an organ of Solidarity, pays attention especially to the relationship between Poland and its neighbours, particularly Ukraine. In the Ukrainian central media, the Volhynian issue remained completely without attention. Although the debates about "Volhynia" were not actively conducted in the 1990s, certain tendencies were established during this period, which remained characteristic in the following years. In Poland, these events were perceived as one of the most traumatic episodes of the national history, so it was the Polish side who initiated the discussions about this topic. The Ukrainian side was forced to respond to these initiatives.
The article analyzes the first public discussions of the last decade of the 20th century about mass murders of Polish population in Volhynia in 1943. The author explores the emergence of the topic of "Volhynia" in the public space and Polish-Ukrainian historical debates about these mass murders in the 1990s. The research is based on the published sources and interviews with the participants in the Polish-Ukrainian dialog. The article focuses on the first mentions of the Volhynian events in the post-communist period, on the way this issue was discussed at seminars of Polish and Ukrainian historians, and in the leading Polish newspapers "Gazeta Wyborcza" and "Rzeczpospolita". Particular attention is paid to the discussion about the mass murders in the “Gazeta Wyborcza” in 1995. The Volhynian issue appeared in the public space after almost fifty years of silence initiated from the Polish "kres" and veteran circles which represented the victims of the mass murders. This topic was arousing interest gradually. It did not immediately take a leading place in Polish-Ukrainian historical debates. In the 1990s, the discussion about "Volhynia" took place primarily between historians and within the groups to which this topic was important. There was only one discussion about the Volhynian events in the press, namely in the “Gazeta Wyborcza”. This newspaper, which appeared as an organ of Solidarity, pays attention especially to the relationship between Poland and its neighbours, particularly Ukraine. In the Ukrainian central media, the Volhynian issue remained completely without attention. Although the debates about "Volhynia" were not actively conducted in the 1990s, certain tendencies were established during this period, which remained characteristic in the following years. In Poland, these events were perceived as one of the most traumatic episodes of the national history, so it was the Polish side who initiated the discussions about this topic. The Ukrainian side was forced to respond to these initiatives.
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Keywords
Польща, Україна, публічні дискусії, історики, стаття, Poland, Ukraine, public discussions, historians
Citation
Банах Т. І. Масові вбивства 1943 р. на Волині в польсько-українських історичних дискусіях 1990-х рр. / Банах Т. І. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2021. - Т. 4. - С. 65-72.