Викривальне богослов’я у Київській духовній академії: завдання та змістовне наповнення лекційних курсів (1823–1869 рр.)
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Date
2019
Authors
Бурега, Володимир
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Abstract
Статтю присвячено історії упровадження та еволюції у Київській духовній академії викривального (полемічного) богослов’я. Автор показує, яке місце займала полеміка з іншими релігіями та
іншими християнськими конфесіями в навчальному плані Київської духовної академії після впровадження в Києві Статуту духовних училищ 1808–1814 рр. У статті розглянуто змістовне наповнення лекційних курсів архієпископа Смарагда (Крижановського), архімандрита Антоніна (Капустіна), єпископа Сильвестра (Малеванського), Пилипа Терновського та єпископа Августина (Гуляницького). Автор показує, як змінювалося змістовне наповнення викривального богослов’я залежно
від загальної ситуації в духовній освіті в Російській імперії. Зокрема, схарактеризовано зміни, які
відбулись у навчальному плані Київської духовної академії у 1840-х рр. з ініціативи обер-прокурора
Св. Синоду Миколи Протасова. Автор звертає увагу і на особисті вподобання професорів, які
знайшли відбиток у їхніх програмах із викривального богослов’я. Зокрема, єпископ Сильвестр (Малеванський) суттєво розширив у своєму курсі полеміку з новітніми філософськими течіями, які опонували християнству. Натомість Пилип Терновський та єпископ Августин (Гуляницький) активно
використовували історичний метод, у результаті чого їхні курси лекцій являли собою, радше, історію полеміки Православної Церкви з різними її опонентами. У 1860-х рр., коли в Російській імперії
готувалася масштабна реформа духовної освіти, в Київській духовній академії була поширена думка
про необхідність докорінного перегляду концепції викладання викривального богослов’я. При цьому
окремі професори навіть виступали за скасування викривального богослов’я як самостійної дисципліни та за приєднання його до курсу церковної історії
The article considers the history of implementation and evolution of Accusatory (Polemical) theology in the Kyiv Theological Academy. The author shows the place where the controversy with other religions and other Christian denominations took place in the curriculum of the Kyiv Theological Academy after the introduction of the Statute of the religious schools of 1808–1814 in Kyiv. The article deals with the content of the lecture courses of Archbishop Smaragd (Kryzhanovsky), Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky), Philip Ternovsky, and Bishop Augustine (Gulianitsky). The author shows that the Accusatory theology was not an independent academic discipline at first, but it was part of the general course of theology. For the first time, lectures on accusatory theology were given in Kyiv in 1823. On the recommendation of the Commission of theological schools, teachers of this discipline were to use the book of the German Lutheran theologian Johann Ernst Schubert "Institutionum Theologiae polemicae" during the preparation of lectures. Comparison of this book with the lectures of hieromonk Smaragd (Kryzhanovsky) shows that the work of the German theologian was used by the Kyiv teacher quite selectively. Next, the article shows how in the following decades the content of the course of accusatory theology varied, depending on the general situation in theological education in the Russian Empire. In particular, the changes that took place in the curriculum of the Kyiv Theological Academy in the 1840’s were characterized on the initiative of the Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod, Mykola Protasov. The author drew attention to the personal preferences of professors who found a reflection in their curriculum in Accusatory theology. In particular, Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky) in his course substantially expanded the controversy with the latest philosophical currents that opposed Christianity. Instead, Philip Ternovsky and Bishop Augustine (Gulianitsky) actively used the historical method, resulting in their courses representing the history of the controversy of the Orthodox Church with its various opponents. In the 1860’s, when a large-scale reform of theological education was being prepared in the Russian Empire, the idea of a radical revision of the accusatory theology teaching concept was heard at the Kyiv Theological Academy. At the same time, some professors even advocated the abolition of accusatory theology as an independent discipline and for joining it to the course of church history. Special attention is paid to the fact that the courses of accusatory theology in the Kyiv Theological Academy in the nineteenth century were based on typical contemporary ecclesiology and soteriology of that time. The purpose of the course was seen not in the equal dialogue with opponents, but in revealing their mistakes and attempts to convert them to the Orthodox Church.
The article considers the history of implementation and evolution of Accusatory (Polemical) theology in the Kyiv Theological Academy. The author shows the place where the controversy with other religions and other Christian denominations took place in the curriculum of the Kyiv Theological Academy after the introduction of the Statute of the religious schools of 1808–1814 in Kyiv. The article deals with the content of the lecture courses of Archbishop Smaragd (Kryzhanovsky), Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky), Philip Ternovsky, and Bishop Augustine (Gulianitsky). The author shows that the Accusatory theology was not an independent academic discipline at first, but it was part of the general course of theology. For the first time, lectures on accusatory theology were given in Kyiv in 1823. On the recommendation of the Commission of theological schools, teachers of this discipline were to use the book of the German Lutheran theologian Johann Ernst Schubert "Institutionum Theologiae polemicae" during the preparation of lectures. Comparison of this book with the lectures of hieromonk Smaragd (Kryzhanovsky) shows that the work of the German theologian was used by the Kyiv teacher quite selectively. Next, the article shows how in the following decades the content of the course of accusatory theology varied, depending on the general situation in theological education in the Russian Empire. In particular, the changes that took place in the curriculum of the Kyiv Theological Academy in the 1840’s were characterized on the initiative of the Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod, Mykola Protasov. The author drew attention to the personal preferences of professors who found a reflection in their curriculum in Accusatory theology. In particular, Bishop Sylvester (Malevansky) in his course substantially expanded the controversy with the latest philosophical currents that opposed Christianity. Instead, Philip Ternovsky and Bishop Augustine (Gulianitsky) actively used the historical method, resulting in their courses representing the history of the controversy of the Orthodox Church with its various opponents. In the 1860’s, when a large-scale reform of theological education was being prepared in the Russian Empire, the idea of a radical revision of the accusatory theology teaching concept was heard at the Kyiv Theological Academy. At the same time, some professors even advocated the abolition of accusatory theology as an independent discipline and for joining it to the course of church history. Special attention is paid to the fact that the courses of accusatory theology in the Kyiv Theological Academy in the nineteenth century were based on typical contemporary ecclesiology and soteriology of that time. The purpose of the course was seen not in the equal dialogue with opponents, but in revealing their mistakes and attempts to convert them to the Orthodox Church.
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Keywords
Київська духовна академія, Православна Церква, Католицька Церква, протестантизм, духовна освіта, викривальне богослов’я, архієпископ Смарагд (Крижановський), архієпископ Інокентій (Борисов), архімандрит Антонін (Капустін), єпископ Сильвестр (Малеванський), Пилип Терновський, єпископ Августин (Гуляницький), стаття, Kyiv Theological Academy, Orthodox Church, Catholic Church, Protestantism, theological education, accusatory theology, Archbishop Smaragd (Kryzhanovsky), Archbishop Innocent (Borisov), Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), Bishop Silvester (Malevansky), Phillip Ternovsky, Bishop Augustine (Gulianitsky), article
Citation
Бурега В. В. Викривальне богослов'я у Київській духовній академії: завдання та змістовне наповнення лекційних курсів (1823-1869 рр.) / Володимир Бурега // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Філософія та релігієзнавство. - 2019. - Т. 4. - С. 17-29.