Нові знахідки клейм доби Русі з Полтави
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Date
2025
Authors
Запара, Данило
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто нові знахідки гончарних клейм, виявлені під час археологічних досліджень 2020 р. в Полтаві. Проаналізовано зображення клейм, характерних для гончарного виробництва давньоруського періоду. Наведено їхню класифікацію на основі матеріалів, знайдених на території літописного міста Лтава, та визначено типологічну належність нових знахідок.
Description
Archaeological research conducted over recent decades in the city of Poltava has expanded the body of sources for studying pottery craftsmanship, both within the city and in the broader Forest-Steppe Left Bank region of the Dnipro. Among the notable Rus’ period finds is pottery bearing distinctive marks on the bases, known as potter’s stamps. This tradition of marking is associated with the use of a manually operated potter’s wheel, which began in the 9th century, before the introduction of the fast-rotating potter’s wheel. Pottery stamps have drawn scholarly attention since the 19th century, who sought to determine their morphology, semantic purpose, and the development of a typology of the marks. The first attempts to classify potter’s stamps were made by M. P. Kuchera (based on materials from the Plisnesk archaeological site) and V. D. Gupalo (based on materials from the Carpathians and Western Volhynia). Taking previous typologies and the specific features of the Poltava materials into account, a unique typology was developed, identifying seven main types of stamps based on common visual characteristics. The 2020 excavations expanded the stamp collection in accordance with the aforementioned typology. Despite the extensive research, the precise function of the potter’s stamps remains unclear. An analysis of their symbolism allows for hypotheses regarding both practical and religious-symbolic purposes. The stamps could have served as marks of craftsmen, indicators of quality, or protective talismans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the new finds of potter’s stamps, analyse their imagery, and determine their typological classification according to the typology that will be detailed in the main body of the work. The acquired materials expand the source base for studying the archaeology of Poltava and the entire Dnipro Forest-Steppe Left Bank region, opening up new opportunities for analysing medieval pottery art and the cultural traditions of the region.
Keywords
Русь, гончарні клейма, класифікація, Полтава, Дніпровське Лівобережжя, стаття, Rus, pottery stamps, classification, Poltava, Dnipro Left Bank
Citation
Запара Д. М. Нові знахідки клейм доби Русі з Полтави / Данило Запара // Kyiv-Mohyla Archaeology Journal. - 2025. - No. 1. - Р. 16-23.