Київські ремісничі цехи наприкінці XVIII - в середині ХІХ ст.
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Date
2016
Authors
Кохан, О.
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто діяльність київських цехів наприкінці ХУШ - у середині ХІХ ст. Показано їхню кількість, правове становище цехових ремісників, участь у виборах ремісничого голови, умови переходу з одного цеху в інший та податки, які вони сплачували в місто та в державу.
Description
This paper presents a research of the activity of Kyiv shops at the end of the 18th - the middle of the 19th century. The author explicates the number of the shops, the legal status of craft artisans, participation in elections of the handicraft head, the conditions of transition from one shop to another, and the taxes which they paid to the town and state treasury.
At the end of the 18th - the beginning of the 19th century in Kyiv there were such crafts: shoe making, woodwork, pottery, weaving, fishing, icon painting, blacksmith’s work, barberbarber’s shop, silversmith, music, baking, tailoring, furriery, cooperage, butchery and trading. By 1835, the Kyiv workshops guided in their activities by Polish laws guild system and subordinated the magistrate which gathered taxes and fees from them each year. By 1835 Kyiv burgers were exempted from general state taxes. Since 1835, crafts ’ life in the town was subordinated by the legislation of the Russian Empire, with Craft Council established at the end of the 18th century. Since that time, each year all the crafts choose the handicraft head, who had to necessarily be approved by the magistrate. Only Kyiv burgers could participate in elections and be elected. The elected craft head had to approve the lists of candidates for the posts of officers and craft aldermen, whose number was different in each craft. By that time, Kyiv burghers could go from one craft shop to another. In order to do that, it was necessary to pay state taxes and all the arrears, because all the burghers who belonged to crafts were responsible for each other and had to pay for those who left to another shop or failed to pay debts. In the middle of the 19th century, Kyiv crafts paid the following taxes: state, to the head, to the office, for the people who died or fled, and additional costs. Kyiv craftsmen sold their wares at regular fairs were it was allowed to trade only craft artisans. Those people who produced their wares without a special permission from crafts were called cobblers. Craft artisans tried to prohibit their activities by submitting complaints to the magistrate.
Keywords
цехи, Київ, ремесла, цехові ремісники, податки, торгівля, стаття, crafts, Kyiv, handicraft, artisans, taxes
Citation
Кохан О. О. Київські ремісничі цехи наприкінці XVIII - в середині ХІХ ст. / Кохан О. О. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2016. - Т. 182. - С. 19-23.