Скіфські амазонки в Криму
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Date
2018
Authors
Фіалко, Олег
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Abstract
Статтю присвячено поховальним комплексам жінок зі зброєю на теренах сучасного Криму за
скіфської доби. Могили розосереджені всією територією півострова. Серію відрізняє велика ступінь достовірності через добрий стан збереженості могил. Усі поховання є підкурганними. Розглянуто висотні показники і конструктивні особливості насипів. Основні поховання у насипах
суттєво превалюють. За конструкцією усі могили розподілено на п’ять типів. Жінки репрезентують практично всі вікові групи, визначені у понад 50 % випадків. Огляд поховального обряду амазонок засвідчив поєднання загальноскіфських та оригінальних місцевих рис. Набори заупокійного
супроводу войовниць доволі скромні, проте вони завжди містять елементи паноплії. Дату цих
поховань визначають у межах V-IV ст. до н. е.
The article deals with armed woman’ burials in the territory of the modern Crimea in the Scythian times. The represented series is constituted by 17 complexes. Only 25 % of the total burial was subjected to robbery, so the informativity and reliability of this sample are quite high. All considered burials of the Amazons of the Crimea are situated under the kurgan. The height of the mounds varies from 0.5 m to 6.7 m, the diameter goes from 13.5 m up to 43.5 m. Inlet graves make up less than a quarter of the total amount. The graves are represented by five types. Pits (47 %) and catacombs (35,3 %) are clearly the most numerous. The structural features of the funeral complexes of the Amazons of the Crimea include a wide use of the stone. Thus, the burial structures correspond to Scythian traditions but have a certain local specifics. Almost all burial is carried out by the ritual of inhumacy. Among the original burials there is one of a woman from the Dort-Oba 3 kurgan, made in sedentary condition. This is the first case of burial in such a position among the graves of the Amazons of European Scythia. Age affiliation is identified in nine cases (more than 50 %). Almost all age groups of the dead are represented: from children (6–8 years old) to the elder women (55–60 years). In most cases, the set implements are relatively modest. The combination of weapons and characteristic item-markers of women’s headsets (jewelry, mirrors, spindles, stone tiles) is determinative in the sets of items. Unique things include a wood splitter and a bone flute. The date of the Crimean Amazons ’is determined within the limits of the 5th-4th centuries BC.
The article deals with armed woman’ burials in the territory of the modern Crimea in the Scythian times. The represented series is constituted by 17 complexes. Only 25 % of the total burial was subjected to robbery, so the informativity and reliability of this sample are quite high. All considered burials of the Amazons of the Crimea are situated under the kurgan. The height of the mounds varies from 0.5 m to 6.7 m, the diameter goes from 13.5 m up to 43.5 m. Inlet graves make up less than a quarter of the total amount. The graves are represented by five types. Pits (47 %) and catacombs (35,3 %) are clearly the most numerous. The structural features of the funeral complexes of the Amazons of the Crimea include a wide use of the stone. Thus, the burial structures correspond to Scythian traditions but have a certain local specifics. Almost all burial is carried out by the ritual of inhumacy. Among the original burials there is one of a woman from the Dort-Oba 3 kurgan, made in sedentary condition. This is the first case of burial in such a position among the graves of the Amazons of European Scythia. Age affiliation is identified in nine cases (more than 50 %). Almost all age groups of the dead are represented: from children (6–8 years old) to the elder women (55–60 years). In most cases, the set implements are relatively modest. The combination of weapons and characteristic item-markers of women’s headsets (jewelry, mirrors, spindles, stone tiles) is determinative in the sets of items. Unique things include a wood splitter and a bone flute. The date of the Crimean Amazons ’is determined within the limits of the 5th-4th centuries BC.
Description
Keywords
амазонки, поховання, обряд, інвентар, Крим, скіфська доба, стаття, Amazon, burial, ceremony, grave goods, Crimea, Scythian age
Citation
Фіалко О. Є. Скіфські амазонки в Криму / Фіалко О. Є. // Магістеріум. Археологічні студії. - 2018. - Вип. 70. - С. 67-77.