Засадничі риси реалістичного томізму М. А. Кромпца
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Date
2017
Authors
Бабенко, Богдан
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Abstract
Статтю присвячено розглядові метафізики М. А. Кромпца в контексті основних положень екзистенційного томізму. Загалом їх можна звести до реалізму в епістемології і екзистенціалізму в онтології. Перше ставить у центр нашого пізнання суще, що існує у своїй багатоманітності, і яке може бути схоплено мисленнєво нашим інтелектом. Друге положення робить акцент на первинності акту буття в стосунку до сутності. У зв’язку з цим проводиться розрізнення між судженнями екзистенційного та предикативного типу. Завдання ж метафізики - пояснити, які чинники роблять суще, зрозуміле в найширшому значенні, саме таким сущим. Тому метафізика для Кромпца стає прімордіальною філософською дисципліною і, досліджуючи кожне суще як суще, вирізняє його найзагальніші властивості. Ці властивості, трансценденталії, на відміну від універсалій, не охоплюють тільки якусь окрему групу індивідів, а стосуються всього, що у певний спосіб є.
The article considers Krqpiec S metaphysics in the context of the main reasons of existential Thomism. Generally, those reasons can be reduced to realism in epistemology and existentialism in ontology. The first reason puts at the centre of our knowledge the entity that exists in its diversity and that can be grasped by our intelligence. The second reason emphasizes the primacy of the act of being in relation to the essence. In this regard, a distinction between existential judgments and predictive judgments help us to discover two different aspects of reality. These aspects, on which Thomists should focus, are the unique act of being for each individual entity and the unity of man and things in the act of cognition. The beginning of the knowledge is a meeting with a really existing entity, from which we extract the essence through abstraction. In addition, the human mind has a unique ability - metaphysical habitus, which correlates with every entity and through concrete things opens a proper object of metaphysics, entity as entity. Therefore, the task of metaphysics is to explain what factors make the entity understood in the broadest sense, precisely as the entity. This explanation should not be contradictory but should agree both with the sensual experience and with the experience of thinking, with intellectual and empirical evidence. Thus, metaphysics becomes, for Krqpiec, a primordial philosophical discipline which explores each entity as entity and distinguishes its most common characteristics or properties. These properties of entity (res or thing, unum or one, aliquid or something, bonum or good, verum or true) from medieval times are called transcendentals. Transcendentals are those properties of things that are not directly expressed in the very name of the entity.
The article considers Krqpiec S metaphysics in the context of the main reasons of existential Thomism. Generally, those reasons can be reduced to realism in epistemology and existentialism in ontology. The first reason puts at the centre of our knowledge the entity that exists in its diversity and that can be grasped by our intelligence. The second reason emphasizes the primacy of the act of being in relation to the essence. In this regard, a distinction between existential judgments and predictive judgments help us to discover two different aspects of reality. These aspects, on which Thomists should focus, are the unique act of being for each individual entity and the unity of man and things in the act of cognition. The beginning of the knowledge is a meeting with a really existing entity, from which we extract the essence through abstraction. In addition, the human mind has a unique ability - metaphysical habitus, which correlates with every entity and through concrete things opens a proper object of metaphysics, entity as entity. Therefore, the task of metaphysics is to explain what factors make the entity understood in the broadest sense, precisely as the entity. This explanation should not be contradictory but should agree both with the sensual experience and with the experience of thinking, with intellectual and empirical evidence. Thus, metaphysics becomes, for Krqpiec, a primordial philosophical discipline which explores each entity as entity and distinguishes its most common characteristics or properties. These properties of entity (res or thing, unum or one, aliquid or something, bonum or good, verum or true) from medieval times are called transcendentals. Transcendentals are those properties of things that are not directly expressed in the very name of the entity.
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Keywords
Суще, сутність, акт буття, трансценденталії, entity, act of being, essence, transcendentals
Citation
Бабенко Богдан Артемович. Засадничі риси реалістичного томізму М. А. Кромпца / Бабенко Б. А. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Філософія та релігієзнавство. - 2017. - Т. 192. - С. 34-38.