Конституційна скарга як механізм укорінення верховенства права в Україні
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Date
2020
Authors
Бабич, Сергій
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Abstract
У статті звернено увагу на особливості функціонування інституту конституційної скарги та його вплив на формування української правосвідомості. Досліджено особливості української конституційної скарги та ймовірність її модернізації до повної конституційної скарги. Автор визначив основні цілі, досягнення яких стане можливим лише за належного функціонування досліджуваного інституту: 1) сприяння укоріненню принципу верховенства права в Україні; 2) надання особам можливості взяти участь у законотворчості, оскільки особи оскаржують конституційність закону України; 3) громадський контроль за діяльністю органів державної влади; 4) формування більшої довіри до Конституційного Суду України. Виділено принципові відмінності між зарубіжними варіантами конституційної скарги та вітчизняним. Окрім цього, звернено особливу увагу на декілька основних видів конституційних скарг, які також мають вагоме значення для вітчизняного варіанта письмового конституційного звернення. Проаналізовано основні питання, які виникають у суб’єктів звернення зі скаргою до Конституційного Суду України.
The institution of constitutional complaint is a very important phenomenon at the current stage of development of constitutional justice and the rule of law in Ukraine. Its necessity is conditioned by the unconditional need to provide individual subjects with the opportunity to apply to the body of constitutional control for protection of their violated rights. The opportunity lies in a written request by a person to verify the constitutionality of the Law of Ukraine or its individual provisions, which were applied in the final court decision in the case of the subject of the constitutional complaint. The legal nature of the complaint is intended to provide persons defined in the law with direct influence on the formation of the legal policy of the state of Ukraine. In addition, the author gave examples of foreign variants of the constitutional complaint with all their principal features and normative regulation for a deeper analysis of the meaning of this institution in the legal system of Ukraine. The main ones are: amparo procedure – application in Spain, Mexico and several Central and South American states. In countries where amparo procedure is applied, subjects have the right to appeal against both judicial and administrative decisions, as well as actions of officials at federal, municipal and regional levels; the Polish model of constitutional appeal – the object of appeal is wider than the Ukrainian model: appeal against final decisions of public authorities if they violate the constitutional rights of persons entitled to appeal; Czech constitutional complaint – which has two types of appeal to a body of constitutional jurisdiction: individual and legal entity, where the range of subjects of appeal is wider and the main principle of appeal is the legal equality of the parties; constitutional complaint in Turkey – constitutional and individual complaint, which by its legal nature is similar to the Czech model. Therefore, a constitutional complaint in Ukraine and in the world is aimed: 1) to promote the establishment of the rule of law in Ukraine; 2) to enable persons to take part in law-making, as persons dispute the constitutionality of the law of Ukraine; 3) to exercise public control over the activities of public authorities; 4) to build greater confidence in the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. In addition, borrowing international experience in issues related to the modernization of the Ukrainian model of constitutional complaint is necessary for its more effective functioning.
The institution of constitutional complaint is a very important phenomenon at the current stage of development of constitutional justice and the rule of law in Ukraine. Its necessity is conditioned by the unconditional need to provide individual subjects with the opportunity to apply to the body of constitutional control for protection of their violated rights. The opportunity lies in a written request by a person to verify the constitutionality of the Law of Ukraine or its individual provisions, which were applied in the final court decision in the case of the subject of the constitutional complaint. The legal nature of the complaint is intended to provide persons defined in the law with direct influence on the formation of the legal policy of the state of Ukraine. In addition, the author gave examples of foreign variants of the constitutional complaint with all their principal features and normative regulation for a deeper analysis of the meaning of this institution in the legal system of Ukraine. The main ones are: amparo procedure – application in Spain, Mexico and several Central and South American states. In countries where amparo procedure is applied, subjects have the right to appeal against both judicial and administrative decisions, as well as actions of officials at federal, municipal and regional levels; the Polish model of constitutional appeal – the object of appeal is wider than the Ukrainian model: appeal against final decisions of public authorities if they violate the constitutional rights of persons entitled to appeal; Czech constitutional complaint – which has two types of appeal to a body of constitutional jurisdiction: individual and legal entity, where the range of subjects of appeal is wider and the main principle of appeal is the legal equality of the parties; constitutional complaint in Turkey – constitutional and individual complaint, which by its legal nature is similar to the Czech model. Therefore, a constitutional complaint in Ukraine and in the world is aimed: 1) to promote the establishment of the rule of law in Ukraine; 2) to enable persons to take part in law-making, as persons dispute the constitutionality of the law of Ukraine; 3) to exercise public control over the activities of public authorities; 4) to build greater confidence in the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. In addition, borrowing international experience in issues related to the modernization of the Ukrainian model of constitutional complaint is necessary for its more effective functioning.
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індивідуальне звернення, громадський контроль, права і свободи людини і громадянин, законотворчість, законність, стаття, individual treatment, public control, rights and freedoms of man and citizen, lawmaking, legality
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