Проблема словникового тлумачення імен натуроб'єктів у контексті даних асоціативного експерименту
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Date
2023
Authors
Жуйкова, Маргарита
Свідзинська, Ольга
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто доцільність використання даних вільних асоціативних експериментів для корекції зони тлумачення в загальних (нетермінологічних) словниках. Автори, аналізуючи асоціативне поле слова-стимулу комета, доходять висновку, що інформація про цей натуроб’єкт, набута носіями лінгвокультурної свідомості, є комбінацією фрагментів наукової та наївної картини світу.
Description
Background. Difficulties in constructing dictionary definitions for nouns — nominations of natural objects — are caused by the fact that in the process of learning about such realities, people discover many different aspects of them. Among them, it is difficult to single out those that could be considered the most essential or integral. Because of this, the definitions of the same language unit in different dictionaries differ significantly in terms of the number and content of differential features. Contribution to the research field. The authors have the idea of identifying correlations between the results of associative experiments and the content of the definitions of natural objects, which are given in explanatory dictionaries of various languages. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to show to what extent data on a certain natural object, obtained directly from the native speaker of linguistic and cultural consciousness during associative experiments, correlate with definitions in general (non-terminological) dictionaries. Methods. A free associative experiment with further analysis of its results, a component analysis of definitions from explanatory dictionaries, as well as procedures for comparing the data of the experiment and the results of the component analysis were applied. Results. The authors came to the conclusion that in the minds of speakers of the Ukrainian language, the concept of a comet is represented as a complex combination of minimal scientific knowledge and ideas, which are transmitted in society mainly orally as elements of traditional folk culture. The analysis of 14 definitions, which were selected from dictionaries of Bulgarian, English, Polish, Russian and Ukrainian languages, showed that lexicographers prioritise scientific knowledge about the comet, ignoring the pragmatic meanings that speakers associate with this celestial body. Discussion. The authors of the study believe that a direct appeal to the consciousness of the speakers by means of an associative experiment can give lexicographers information about the current ideas of the speakers about certain realities. The experiment allows identifying those conceptual features that have the status of being relevant.
Keywords
психолінгвістика, вільний асоціативний експеримент, натуроб’єкт, тлумачні словники, дефініція, компонентний аналіз, стаття, psycholinguistics, free associative experiment, natural object, explanatory dictionaries, definition, component analysis
Citation
Жуйкова М. В. Проблема словникового тлумачення імен натуроб'єктів у контексті даних асоціативного експерименту / Маргарита Жуйкова (Marharyta Zhuikova), Ольга Свідзинська (Olha Svidzynska) // Мова: класичне - модерне - постмодерне. - 2023. - Вип. 9. - С. 140-167. - https://doi.org/10.18523/lcmp2522-9281.2023.9.140-167