ІІ Звітня конференція Докторської школи НаУКМА
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- ItemShadow Economy of Ukraine(2013-02-27T16:00:15Z) Nezhyvenko, OksanaIn 2011 the size of the shadow economy of Ukraine is estimated to be not less than 34% of gross domestic product. Even though the importance of studying and taking steps to reduce the size of shadow sector has been clearly agreed, measures of the government in dealing with this challenge, unfortunately do not give effective results. Research analyses theoretical background for estimation shadow economy, presents economic circumstances for it in Ukraine, and aims to define main factors of the existence of large-scale shadow economy in Ukraine in order to identify the ways to reduce it.
- ItemБорг та економічний розвиток країн із перехідною економікою(2013-02-27T15:48:16Z) Яцкевич, ВалентинаТруднощі з виконанням фінансових зобов'язань особливо обмежують можливості країн з перехідною економікою в стимулюванні подальшого економічного розвитку та збільшують їх відставання від розвинених країн. Наслідками фінансової кризи є також вимушені заходи короткострокової стабілізаційної політики, які мають неоднозначний вплив на довгостроковий економічний розвиток. У зв'язку з цим, важливим є узгодження завдань економічного розвитку із заходами боргової політики держави, виходячи з відповідного теоретичного підґрунття.
- ItemDownshifting as a case of voluntary downward social mobility in Ukraine. Balance between work and leisure in the dimension of values(2013-02-27T15:39:51Z) Pyrogova, DarynaVoluntary downward social mobility is comparably new trend of social behavior. In Ukraine it is compelled in most of cases because of job cuts, but now there are few but very reasoned voluntary decisions for shift to less money and more time to fulfill the life. The sociological perspective allows us to examine changing value orientations toward work and leisure, what can be one of reasons of sea changes in life style by acting voluntary downward social mobility. The downshifting phenomenon involves not only an economic trade-off of work hours for leisure, but embraces a value system that rejects the culturally dominant work obsession and accepts the vital meaning of leisure. Within the framework of my broader thesis research I conduct an analysis of data from World Values Survey (WVS). My idea is a particular focus on Ukraine comparing to countries, where relevant researches on changes in relative importance of work and leisure is in the focus of studying downshifting. It has been revealed that over time leisure becomes more important for people, while work becomes less important. Balance between work importance and leisure importance is positive in Ukraine, which means that in our country still there are more people for whom work is important, then those who consider leisure as vital. While analysis of quantitative data give the opportunity to generalize trends and changes in values, further qualitative research will build a holistic picture of experience, beliefs and social environment of Ukrainian downshifters, what can bring us to understanding the significance of this new trend of social behavior for society.
- ItemPotential effects of the user chargers on the consumption of physician services in six Central and Eastern European countries: Application of the stated preference techniques(2013-02-27T15:31:39Z) Danyliv, AndriyPatient charges for health care services are implemented in developed countries to reduce unnecessary service use. Although service use in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is high, patient charges for services are not common. Moreover, there is no evidence on their potential effects in these countries. In this paper, we provide evidence on the potential impact of patient charges on the consumption of specialized physician services in six CEE countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. We apply a semi-parametric survival analysis to the stated willingness and ability to pay (WATP) in order to identify potential demand pools, and calculate price, income and age semi-elasticities. Data are collected through a survey held in 2010 among representative samples of about 1000 respondents in each country. Our results suggest that median WATP in the studied countries ranges from 5.15 EUR to 12.2 EUR and the country ranking by WATP follows exactly the ranking by income level. Low service charges, up to 2.5 EUR in Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania and Romania, and up to 5 EUR in Poland should not cause many people to drop out of the demand pool. The lower payment interval should be studied in more detail for Ukraine, however. Official service charges together with exemption/reduction criteria are argued to be beneficial as an alternative to informal payments. Conducting demand analysis based on stated preference data might be a useful tool for designing patient payment policies, especially if new calibrating techniques are incorporated.
- ItemInformal Patient Payments in Central and Eastern European Countries(2013-02-27T15:14:01Z) Stepurko, TetianaInformal payments for health care services are a well-known phenomenon in many health care systems around the world. Deeply ingrained informal practices accepted by both providers and consumers, and neglected by the government, seem to be a major impediment to ongoing health care reforms. The examination of level, scope and consumer’s perceptions of informal patient payments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the aim of the thesis. Based on national representative samples, the most empirical data are collected in 2010 in six CEE countries and in 2011 in three CEE countries. The results of the cross-country comparison suggest a relatively higher prevalence of informal patient payments in Romania and Ukraine, then in Hungary and Lithuania and much lower than in Poland and in Bulgaria. In the latter one, patients also meet formal service charges in the public sector. The patterns of informal patient payment confirm more incidents and higher expenditures for hospitalizations than for ambulatory care. Although users resort to informal patient pursuing better quality, quicker access and better attention, public opinions towards informal patient are quire negative and associated with corruption suggesting users’ willingness to elimination of this practice. Hereby, governments should meet public expectations and implement a strategy for dealing with informal patient payments.