Direct horizontal effect of the basic freedoms of the EU internal market as they are laid down in
articles 28 to 66 TFEU is not a new question of European Union law: neither for legal doctrine
nor for legal practice. But it has gained new momentum in the jurisprudence of the European
Court of Justice (ECJ) and in the legal scientific literature in recent time, which demands the
clarification of the normative approach to this topic and of its ramifications for single issues.