This article deals with the problem of legal accountability for the 1932–1933 Holodomor in
Ukraine under international and regional legal instruments, international customary law and
Ukrainian legislation. The article focuses on Ukraine’s obligation to punish persons for the
grave human rights violations of the communist regime then in power in accordance with
the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide
Convention) and Council of Europe Resolutions 1096 (1996) and 1481 (2006). The author
concludes that holding the Communist Party of Ukraine responsible for the Holodomor will
help Ukrainians to cope with their totalitarian communist past.