Проблема техніки у філософії Брюно Латура
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Date
2016
Authors
Михайлов, Дмитро
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Abstract
У статті запропоновано аналіз ключових інтуїцій "симетричної антропології" Брюно Латура
(нар. 1947). Передусім ми спробували реконструювати загальний контекст онтології французького
філософа. Засадничими тут є поняття акторності та мережевості, які, на наше переконання,
є відлунням традиційних метафізичних концептів сутності та існування. Ми показали схожість
та відмінність позиції Латура щодо класичної моделі європейської онтології. До певної міри акторно-мережевий підхід намагається поновити проблему індивідуального в межах сучасної онтології.
Латур відмовляється погодитись із розподілом на субстанцію та акциденцію, стверджуючи, що
актор – це повсякчас абсолютна унікальність, у якій відсутня будь-яка ієрархія. Однак як за такого стану справ можливе філософування щодо сутності техніки? У цій статті ми спробували запропонувати власну відповідь на поставлене питання. Оскільки вчення про техніку в межах мислення французького філософа не є однорідним, ми виокремили та проаналізували ключові етапи та підходи до цієї проблеми.
This article is aimed to elucidate the basic elements of Bruno Latour’s (1947) ontology. A general introduction into his thinking produces a fruitful background for grasping a phenomenon of technology in its origin. With a desire to describe the concept of technology properly, we have to examine the major concepts of Bruno Latour’s thinking. The first part of this article attempts at giving a broader definition of such terms as "actor" and "network". A more precise inquiry into the basic concepts of the study may expand the area of Latour’s philosophy where the problem of technology exposes itself. In this research we attempt to show that "actor" and "network" concepts can be introduced in the light of traditional metaphysical thinking. Such terms as "essence" and "existence" were reconsidered by the French thinker. As a result, we got a new vocabulary where ‘actor’ could be matched with "essence" and "network" correlates with "existence". Nevertheless, it is not only a term modification. In doing so, Latour is seeking to reveal the metaphysical idea of an individual substance. Every actor is a unique event which is caused by the network’s capacities. It is notable that in the light of the above considerations the technology phenomenon appears as an extremely problematic one. During our inquiry into Bruno Latour’s philosophy of technology we show how a new horizon of an “old problem” emerges. His crucial project of Modern Philosophy vividly shows that technology cannot remain underestimated. Moreover, Latour produces a draft of symmetrical anthropology in the light of which he aims to create a new vision of technology problem seeing with human being. Generally speaking, his questioning of technology undergoes two stages. The first is much materialistic one. At this stage, the French philosopher tends to grasp technology as a material instrument for creating scientific knowledge. Here technology is, first of all, a tangible phenomenon. The second phase moves under the guise of transcendental adjustment. This article offers an analysis of both stages with a special focus on the latter one.
This article is aimed to elucidate the basic elements of Bruno Latour’s (1947) ontology. A general introduction into his thinking produces a fruitful background for grasping a phenomenon of technology in its origin. With a desire to describe the concept of technology properly, we have to examine the major concepts of Bruno Latour’s thinking. The first part of this article attempts at giving a broader definition of such terms as "actor" and "network". A more precise inquiry into the basic concepts of the study may expand the area of Latour’s philosophy where the problem of technology exposes itself. In this research we attempt to show that "actor" and "network" concepts can be introduced in the light of traditional metaphysical thinking. Such terms as "essence" and "existence" were reconsidered by the French thinker. As a result, we got a new vocabulary where ‘actor’ could be matched with "essence" and "network" correlates with "existence". Nevertheless, it is not only a term modification. In doing so, Latour is seeking to reveal the metaphysical idea of an individual substance. Every actor is a unique event which is caused by the network’s capacities. It is notable that in the light of the above considerations the technology phenomenon appears as an extremely problematic one. During our inquiry into Bruno Latour’s philosophy of technology we show how a new horizon of an “old problem” emerges. His crucial project of Modern Philosophy vividly shows that technology cannot remain underestimated. Moreover, Latour produces a draft of symmetrical anthropology in the light of which he aims to create a new vision of technology problem seeing with human being. Generally speaking, his questioning of technology undergoes two stages. The first is much materialistic one. At this stage, the French philosopher tends to grasp technology as a material instrument for creating scientific knowledge. Here technology is, first of all, a tangible phenomenon. The second phase moves under the guise of transcendental adjustment. This article offers an analysis of both stages with a special focus on the latter one.
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Keywords
антропологія, онтологія, суб’єкт, техніка, акторно-мережева теорія, anthropology, ontology, subject, technology, actor-network theory (ANT)
Citation
Михайлов Дмитро Євгенович. Проблема техніки у філософії Брюно Латура / Михайлов Д. Є. // Магістеріум : Історико-філософські студіїї. - 2016. - Вип. 65. - С. 68-72.