Працезатрати на зведення лісостепових городищ скіфського часу
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Date
2017
Authors
Крютченко, О.
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Abstract
У статті здійснено спробу аналізу працезатрат на зведення захисних споруд лісостепових горо-
дищ скіфського часу та порівняння їх із даними щодо житлових, господарчих та поховальних спо-
руд. За результатами розрахунків встановлено можливість проведення таких будівельних робіт
у короткий термін, хоча вони й були більш трудомісткими, ніж під час зведення господарчих споруд,
жител чи поховальних конструкцій.
Description
This article analyzes the amount of work needed for mounting fortification constructions on the hillforts
of the Scythian forest-steppe. The volumes of different constructions (dwelling, farming, or funeral
structures) were compared. Due to calculations, there is a probability of quite a high velocity of
fortifications. But it should be noticed that the scope of fortification work was much greater than that of
building houses or tombs.
During the Scythian times, building fortification constructions took a long time. During building the
workers were freed from agricultural and craft employments. Fortifications resulted from collective actions
and were a significant marker of the progress of ancient societies. Building the fortifications requires a
certain social and technical development level. Coordination of this construction was connected with a high
level of social organization. A technically low-developed society cannot build such long defensive
constructions. Mounting fortifications collectively was an important part of the Scythian’s everyday life in
the forest-steppe area. The archaeologists discovered defence buildings around the hillforts. B. Shramko, A. Moruzhenko, V. Hrytsyk, I. Yefremov, and other archaeologists aimed to explore how the
defence buildings were constructed. A. Moruzhenko was the first to try to calculate how big were labour
expenses at the Belsk hillfort (the author of the field research at Belsk was B. Shramko). This article applies
the formula for calculation of labour expenses. We use traditional standards for calculation of labour
expenses for contemporary workers. In addition, historians and archaeologists calculate labour expenses
for other historical periods (Cf. P. Rappoport’s studies).
So, this paper presents a unique attempt to understand how easy or hard the labour was and what the
social structure of the Scythian society was in the Ukrainian forest-steppe area. In addition, one of the main
questions in this article is how rapid building was in the Scythian times. We know that the military situation
was stressful. An enemy could assault any time. The question of speed was the question of survival.
Keywords
захисні споруди, фортифікація городища, скіфський час, лісостеп, the settlement, the hillfort, fortification, the Scythian culture, forest-steppe
Citation
Крютченко О. О. Працезатрати на зведення лісостепових городищ скіфського часу / Крютченко О. О. // Магістеріум. - 2017. - Вип. 67 : Археологічні студії. - С. 60-65.