Культурний матеріалізм як методологія дослідження сучасної політики (на прикладі лівих партій України) : автореферат дисертації на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата політичних наук
Loading...
Date
2019
Authors
Бідочко, Леся
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Автореферат дисертації на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата політичних наук за спеціальністю 23.00.01 "Теорія та історія політичної науки". Львів, 2019.
У дисертації здійснено критичний аналіз вчення культурного матеріалізму М. Гарріса, виявлено фундаментальні положення і ключові ідеї цього напряму наукової думки, досліджено основні поняття і методологічні засади, визначено суспільно-політичний контекст їх виникнення. Досліджено критику робіт американського вченого та його учнів, з’ясовано теоретичні чинники формування ідей культурного матеріалізму, до яких належать наукові погляди представників марксизму, функціоналізму, неоеволюціонізму та культурної екології, аналізуються можливості використання наукових досягнень школи культурного матеріалізму в політичній науці.
У роботі розкрито зміст ключових понять культурного матеріалізму: інфраструктура, структура, надструктура, інфраструктурний детермінізм, адаптація, аналіз зисків і витрат, етичне, емічне, емічна містифікація; проаналізовано їхній когнітивний взаємозв’язок. За допомогою концептуального апарату культурного матеріалізму досліджено розвиток парламентських лівих партій в Україні. Розвинуті М. Гаррісом ідеї сприймаються вагомим внеском у розвиток світової соціогуманітаристики загалом і політичної науки зокрема.
Thesis abstract to obtain a degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science. Scientific specialty 23.00.01, political institutions and processes. Lviv, 2019. This thesis is an attempt to critically review the theoretical and methodological foundations of cultural materialism. The formation of this current of scientific thought is considered against the backdrop of the post-war transformations of American cultural anthropology, theoretical debates between materialistic and idealistic approaches to the sociological and humanistic disciplines, and the politicization of the academic community. The thesis has showcased that, in the framework of T. Kuhn’s development of science, the theory of M. Harris should be addressed as an attempt to establish a new scientific paradigm. Crisis of American cultural anthropology in the 1960s and 1970s has been marked by different schools’ imposing conceptual discrepancies on the political stance. The thesis suggests that the peculiarities of the theoretical and methodological apparatus of cultural materialism have emerged under the influence of both internal and external factors of the development of science. When elaborating his own model of the social system stratification, M. Harris has modified the Marxist model of “base” and “superstructure” in order to give the causal priority to the deterministic and measurable infrastructural indicators. From the one hand, the principle of infrastructural determinism has served a means of scientification of the sociological and humanitarian knowledge, and from the other hand, it was an expression of the social reformist “left center” of the American academic community. Exporting of the cost-benefit analysis methodology and system theories from biology, cybernetics, and economics, which have formed the basis of the cultural-materialistic model of social transformations, enabled to partially solve the conceptual objections of functionalism and refine social sciences through cooptation the achievements of the natural sciences. The thesis considers arguments of the challengers of cultural materialistic methodology, voiced by various schools of humanities and social sciences. It is argued that the remarks, proposed by the representatives of the materialistic critics, are mostly consistent with the tasks of correlating the defensive belt of the cultural materialism’s research program. Sociobiologists have highlighted the need to engage the rational analysis models, structural Marxists have identified a number of conceptual shortcomings in M. Harris’s doctrine in terms of social stratification and ideology analysis, while representatives of the school of world-system analysis have pointed to the determining significance of the place in the world division of labor. To a large extent, materialistic criticism has been appropriated by M. Harris’s followers during their further theoretical developments and scientific researches thus increasing the heuristic potential of cultural materialism. The thesis proposes a periodization of cultural materialism, based on the degree of development of the theoretical premises and methodology. Harris's analysis of social transformations, which took place in the U.S. during the 1950-1980s, has triggered rejecting the neo-Malthusian understanding of the historical process and has led to a detailed study of the structural factors that predetermined these processes. Attention is focused on the constructive nature of the cultural and materialist identification of the socio-economic prerequisites of the cultural innovations, as well as on overcoming social conflicts in the postindustrial system transition era. Improvement of the cultural materialistic conceptual foundations have been facilitated by developing the principle of “flexible infrastructural determinism” and rethinking superstructural feedback idea. At the same time, cultural-materialistic studies of the social lower strata of the urban population of the U.S. have convincingly demonstrated the economic roots of marginalization and lumpenization. This thesis also deals with the political context of the cultural materialists’ investigations of the 1980s and 1990s, which have revealed social destructive results of the neoliberal reforms, dismantling of the social state by the Republicans’ administrations, and have created prerequisites for the support of the socially oriented “extreme centrism” of the Democrats by the academic community. Analysis of the case of Ukraine’s left-wing parties’ development has allowed tracing peculiarities of applying cultural materialism in exploring political processes. Identification of causal relationships that determine political processes during democratic transition requires transferring causal priority from infrastructural factors to the structural elements that relate to the conceptual foundations of the late stage of
Thesis abstract to obtain a degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science. Scientific specialty 23.00.01, political institutions and processes. Lviv, 2019. This thesis is an attempt to critically review the theoretical and methodological foundations of cultural materialism. The formation of this current of scientific thought is considered against the backdrop of the post-war transformations of American cultural anthropology, theoretical debates between materialistic and idealistic approaches to the sociological and humanistic disciplines, and the politicization of the academic community. The thesis has showcased that, in the framework of T. Kuhn’s development of science, the theory of M. Harris should be addressed as an attempt to establish a new scientific paradigm. Crisis of American cultural anthropology in the 1960s and 1970s has been marked by different schools’ imposing conceptual discrepancies on the political stance. The thesis suggests that the peculiarities of the theoretical and methodological apparatus of cultural materialism have emerged under the influence of both internal and external factors of the development of science. When elaborating his own model of the social system stratification, M. Harris has modified the Marxist model of “base” and “superstructure” in order to give the causal priority to the deterministic and measurable infrastructural indicators. From the one hand, the principle of infrastructural determinism has served a means of scientification of the sociological and humanitarian knowledge, and from the other hand, it was an expression of the social reformist “left center” of the American academic community. Exporting of the cost-benefit analysis methodology and system theories from biology, cybernetics, and economics, which have formed the basis of the cultural-materialistic model of social transformations, enabled to partially solve the conceptual objections of functionalism and refine social sciences through cooptation the achievements of the natural sciences. The thesis considers arguments of the challengers of cultural materialistic methodology, voiced by various schools of humanities and social sciences. It is argued that the remarks, proposed by the representatives of the materialistic critics, are mostly consistent with the tasks of correlating the defensive belt of the cultural materialism’s research program. Sociobiologists have highlighted the need to engage the rational analysis models, structural Marxists have identified a number of conceptual shortcomings in M. Harris’s doctrine in terms of social stratification and ideology analysis, while representatives of the school of world-system analysis have pointed to the determining significance of the place in the world division of labor. To a large extent, materialistic criticism has been appropriated by M. Harris’s followers during their further theoretical developments and scientific researches thus increasing the heuristic potential of cultural materialism. The thesis proposes a periodization of cultural materialism, based on the degree of development of the theoretical premises and methodology. Harris's analysis of social transformations, which took place in the U.S. during the 1950-1980s, has triggered rejecting the neo-Malthusian understanding of the historical process and has led to a detailed study of the structural factors that predetermined these processes. Attention is focused on the constructive nature of the cultural and materialist identification of the socio-economic prerequisites of the cultural innovations, as well as on overcoming social conflicts in the postindustrial system transition era. Improvement of the cultural materialistic conceptual foundations have been facilitated by developing the principle of “flexible infrastructural determinism” and rethinking superstructural feedback idea. At the same time, cultural-materialistic studies of the social lower strata of the urban population of the U.S. have convincingly demonstrated the economic roots of marginalization and lumpenization. This thesis also deals with the political context of the cultural materialists’ investigations of the 1980s and 1990s, which have revealed social destructive results of the neoliberal reforms, dismantling of the social state by the Republicans’ administrations, and have created prerequisites for the support of the socially oriented “extreme centrism” of the Democrats by the academic community. Analysis of the case of Ukraine’s left-wing parties’ development has allowed tracing peculiarities of applying cultural materialism in exploring political processes. Identification of causal relationships that determine political processes during democratic transition requires transferring causal priority from infrastructural factors to the structural elements that relate to the conceptual foundations of the late stage of
Description
Keywords
культурний матеріалізм, культурна антропологія, наукова парадигма, інфраструктурний детермінізм, етичне, емічне, аналіз зисків і витрат, ліві партії, автореферат дисертації, cultural materialism, cultural anthropology, scientific paradigm, infrastructural determinism, etic, emic, cost-benefit analysis, left-wing parties
Citation
Бідочко Л. Я. Культурний матеріалізм як методологія дослідження сучасної політики (на прикладі лівих партій України) : автореферат дисертації на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата політичних наук / Бідочко Леся Ярославівна ; наук. кер. Кисельов С. О. ; Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка. - Львів : [б. в.], 2019. - 20 с.