The Fortresses of Ukraine. The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia

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Date
2016
Authors
Ignaczak, Marcin
Boltryk, Yuriy
Shelekhan, Oleksandr
Lifantii, Oksana
Olędzki, Łukasz
Tokarczuk, Agnieszka
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Abstract
The most challenging question regarding the defensive settlements of the Pontic forest‐steppe is the reason behind their construction at all and size. The most frequent interpretations centre around two questions: were they to protect from external threats (i.e. the nomads) or were they the result of a carefully planned construction strategy related to the economic and social pressure from the Greek colonies in the Black Sea region? It is also possible that both explanations are true.
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Keywords
Black Sea region forest‐steppe, eastern European forest‐steppe, fortified settlements, Podolia, Scythian time, article
Citation
The Fortresses of Ukraine. The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia / Marcin Ignaczak, Yuriy Boltryk, Oleksandr Shelekhan, Oksana Lifantii, Łukasz Olędzki ; transl. by Agnieszka Tokarczuk // Baltic-Pontic Studies. - 2016. - Vol. 21. - P. 277-290.