Кафедра фізико-математичних наук

Permanent URI for this collection

https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12298

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 41

Analytical approach for calculating the chemotaxis sensitivity function
(2017) Vasilev, Aleksey
We consider the chemotaxis problem for a one-dimensional system. To analyze the interaction of bacteria and an attractant, we use a modified Keller-Segel model, which accounts for the attractant absorption. To describe the system, we use the chemotaxis sensitivity function, which characterizes the nonuniformity of the bacteria distribution. In particular, we investigate how the chemotaxis sensitivity function depends on the concentration of an attractant at the boundary of the system. It is known that, in the system without absorption, the chemotaxis sensitivity function has a bell shape maximum. Here, we show that the attractant absorption and special boundary conditions for bacteria can cause the appearance of an additional maximum in the chemotaxis sensitivity function. The value of this maximum is determined by the intensity of absorption.
The charge 2 monopole via the ADHMN construction
(2021) Braden, Harry W.; Enolski, Victor
This paper describes the exact solution of the gauge and Higgs fields for charge two su(2) Euclidean monopoles. Despite BPS monopoles having been studied for over 35 years, and having uncovered extraordinarily beautiful structures, such analytic reconstruction has (with the exception of some partial results that will later be recalled) proved too hard. We often know more about the moduli space of these solutions than we do the actual fields. This is particularly true in the charge two setting: the Atiyah-Hitchin manifold, the moduli space of the centred charge two monopoles, is a well-studied and rich object and yet the analytic solution of the fields has proved elusive. Recently a general program for reconstructing the gauge theory data for su(2) Euclidean monopoles of general charge has been given, circumventing a number of previously intractable steps. This lowest charge case is a useful testing ground and will produce a number of new results. (The spherically symmetric case for charge one and coincident charge n monopoles is amenable to other approaches.) We will compare our results with some of the numerical studies that have been undertaken. Although constructing exact solutions – be they of gravity or gauge theory – is often viewed as a rather recondite area of research analytic solutions give at the very least some control over numerical results.
Comprehensive investigation of Er2O3 thin films grown with different ALD approaches
(2022) Khomenkova, Larysa; Merabet, H.; Chauvat, M.-P.; Frilay, C.; Portier, Xavier; Labbe, C.; Marie, P.; Cardin, J.; Boudin, S.; Rueff, J.-M.; Gourbilleau, F.
The effect of Er precursor nature (Er(CpMe)3 or Er(tmhd)3) and annealing treatment at 500–1100 ◦C on the structural and optical properties of Er2O3 films grown on Si substrates by thermal or O2-plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition was studied by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as photoluminescence method. An annealing at 500–800 ◦C resulted in the film crystallization mainly. Thermal treatment at high temperatures caused the formation of Er silicate phase due to the diffusion of Si atoms from the substrate in the films depth. This phase was found to be Er2SiO5 being crystallized at 1100 ◦C. Light emitting properties of the films are determined by Er2O3 native defects (like oxygen vacancies) and intra-4f shell transition in Er3+ ions. The latter dominated in the films annealed at 1000–1100 ◦C. The most intense Er3+ emission, observed in the films grown with O2-plasma-assisted approach, was explained by a lower contribution of oxygen vacancies as well as by pronounced crystallization of Er silicate phase. In this latter, the effect of concentration quenching of Er3+ luminescence was lower due to a larger distance between Er3+ neighbor ions.
Conformational flexibility of spermidine3+ interacting with DNA double helix
(2023) Perepelytsya, Sergiy; Vasiliu, Tudor; Laaksonen, Aatto; Engelbrecht, Leon De Villiers; Brancato, Giuseppe; Mocci, Francesca
Natural polyamines play a key role in many biological processes, particularly in the stabilization of DNA double helix structure in the cell nucleus. Among others, the conformational flexibility of polyamines, such as spermidine, is an essential property for the formation of complexes with DNA. Yet, the characterization of the conformational space of polyamines has not been fully elucidated. Using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we present a detailed study of the conformational space of spermidine3+ both in solution and in interaction with DNA. We have identified more than 2000 distinct conformations, which can be grouped into seven modes. Notably, the relative population of these modes is highly affected by the interaction of spermidine3+ with DNA, thus representing a fingerprint of complex formation. In particular, three of the seven dihedral angles of spermidine3+ are predominantly in trans conformation (with or without DNA), while the other four dihedral angles are observed to switch between trans, gauche+ and gauche-. The preference between the latter conformational states was analyzed in terms of the distinct energy contributions composing the potential energy. Overall, our results shed light on the conformational equilibrium and dynamics of spermidine3+, which in turn is important for understanding the nature of its interaction with DNA.
Corrigendum to "CO-PROX reactions on copper Y2O3-ZrO2 catalysts prepared by a single step co-precipitation technique" [Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 278 (1-12) (2020) 119258]
(2021) Marie, Olivier; Portier, Xavier; Korsunska, Nadiia; Khomenkova, Larysa
I, Dr Olivier MARIE, in the name of the whole authors regret that confusion arose regarding the sample synthesis. The 3 mol.% Y2O3-ZrO2 nano-powders doped with Cu that were used in present article were indeed synthesized at the Material Science Department of Donetsk Institute of Physics and Engineering named after O.O. Galkin of NAS of Ukraine (DonPhTI NAS of Ukraine). The quality Management System of Material Science Department of DonPhTI NAS of Ukraine complies with requirements of the international standard ISO 9001:2015. The department works in field of physical materials science, nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, including the development of the perspective technologies, structural modification of functional oxide materials and production of composite zirconia nanopowders and ceramic materials. The department is open for collaboration with all scientists who adhere to scientific ethics in their research. Dr, Oksana Gorban, from DonPhTI NAS of Ukraine would also like to provide correction regarding the sample synthesis procedure. The correct proportion of precursors is as follows: ‘Two distinct initial molar ratio were used ZrO(NO3)2:Y(NO3)3:Cu(NO3)2= 93:6:1 and 86:6:8 that were further dissolved in distilled water.’ Finally the acknowledgements were incomplete. The missing project number is reported hereafter. ‘This work was partly supported by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(project III-4-16) as well as the Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine(project 89452).’ The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Development and Characterization of Ceramic Inserts Used in Metallic Resonators of EPR Spectrometers to Increase Their Sensitivity
(2021) Lemishko, Serhii; Vorona, Igor; Golovina, Iryna; Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr; Okulov, Sergey; Nosenko, Valentyna; Solopan, Serhii; Belous, Anatolii
Cylindrical dielectric inserts for a standard EPR spectrometer with a metallic resonator have been developed on the basis of doped barium tetratitanate ceramics (BaTi4O9 + 8.5% ZnO) with the dielectric constant e = 36 and low dielectric losses (tan б ≈ 1.887 × 10−4) in a frequency interval of 9–10 GHz. It was found that the application of such dielectric inserts allows the EPR signal to be amplified owing to the redistribution of the microwave field in a standard rectangular TE102 resonator. The amplification is observed for both unsaturated samples and samples characterized by the saturation of the EPR signals. A gain factor of 9 was obtained for unsaturated test MnCl2 samples, and 1.5 for saturated test MgO : Mn ones.
Effect of dopant loading and calcination conditions on structural and optical properties of ZrO2 nanopowders doped with copper and yttrium
(2024) Khomenkova, Larysa; Marchylo, Oleg; Polishchuk, Yulia; Ponomaryov, Semyon; Isaieva, Oksana; Vorona, Igor; Melnichuk, Liudmyla; Portier, Xavier; Melnichuk, Olexandr; Korsunska, Nadiia
Undoped, Cu and/or Y doped ZrO2 nanopowders were synthesized with Zr, Y, and Cu nitrates using a co-precipitation approach. Their structural and optical properties were examined regarding dopant content (0.1–8.0 mol.% of CuO and 3–15 mol.% of Y2O3) and calcination conditions (400 °C– 1000 °Cand, 1,2 or 5 h) through Raman scattering, XRD, TEM, EDS, AES, EPR,UV–vis and FTIR diffused reflectance methods. The results showed that both Cu and Y dopants promoted the appearance of additional oxygen vacancies in ZrO2 host, while the formation of tetragonal and cubic ZrO2 phases was primarily influenced by the Y content, regardless of Cu loading. The bandgap of most of the powders was observed within the 5.45–5.65 eV spectral range, while for those with high Y content it exceeded 5.8 eV. The (Cu,Y)-ZrO2 powders with 0.2 mol.% CuO and 3 mol.% Y2O3 calcined at 600 °Cfor 2 h demonstrated nanoscaled tetragonal grains (8–12 nm) and a significant surface area covered with dispersed CuxOspecies. For higher calcination temperatures, the formation of CuZr 2+ EPR centers, accompanied by tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation, was found. For fitting of experimental FTIR reflection spectra, theoretical models with one, five, and seven oscillators were constructed for cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic ZrO2 phases, respectively. Comparing experimental and theoretical spectra, the parameters of various phonons were determined. It was found that the distinct position of the high-frequency FTIR reflection minimum is a unique feature for each crystalline phase. It was centered at 700–720 cm−1, 790–800 cm−1, and 820–840 cm−1 for cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases, respectively, showing minimal dependence on phonon damping coefficients. Based on the complementary nature of results obtained from structural and optical methods, an approach for monitoring powder properties and predicting catalytic activity can be proposed for ZrO2–based nanopowders.
Effect of MgO/ZnO ratio on the formation process of MgxZn1-xO ceramics
(2024) Korsunska, Nadiia; Polishchuk, Yuliya; Ponomaryov, Semyon; Kozoriz, K.; Chusnutdinow, S.; Melnichuk, Olexandr; Melnichuk, Lyudmyla; Khomenkova, Larysa
The structural characteristics, chemical composition, and element spatial distribution in MgxZn1-xO ceramics were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence techniques. The study revealed that the morphology of the ceramic samples, as well as the mechanism of solid solution formation, depend on the relative contribution of both oxides in the charge. It was discovered that hexagonal and cubic phases of the solid solution were found to form simultaneously. An increase in the MgO content in the charge results in the magnesium content rise in the hexagonal grains continuously, reaching approximately 13 at.%. It was discovered an enrichment of grain boundaries with zinc and magnesium playing a significant role in doping ZnO and MgO grains. Obtained results allowed to propose two mechanisms involved in the formation of solid solution ceramics: i) diffusion of Mg and Zn along grain boundaries, followed by their incorporation into ZnO or MgO grains, respectively, and ii) interdiffusion of Mg into ZnO and Zn into MgO due to direct contact of ZnO and MgO grains. The second mechanism appears to dominate when both ZnO and MgO contribute comparably, increasing the probability of their direct contact. This study significantly advances the understanding of the process of the formation of MgxZn1-xO ceramics under thermodynamic conditions. These insights are crucial for optimizing the doping process and improving the material properties, thereby promoting innovations in the ceramics industry.
Effects of Electron Correlation inside Disordered Crystals
(2022) Kruchinin, Sergei; Eglitis, Roberts; Babak, Vitaliy; Vyshyvana, Iryna; Repetsky, Stanislav
We propose a novel approach for characterising the electron spectrum of disordered crystals constructed from a Hamiltonian of electrons as well as phonons and a diagram approach for Green’s function. The system’s electronic states were modelled by means of the multi-band, tight-binding approach. The system’s Hamiltonian is described based on the electron wave functions at the field of the atom nucleus. Our novel approach incorporates the long-range Coulomb interplay of electrons located in different lattice positions. Explicit interpretations of Green’s functions are derived using a diagram method. Equations are obtained for the vertex components for the mass operators of the electron–electron as well aselectron–phonon interplays. A system of equations for the spectrum of elementary excitations in the crystal is obtained, in which the vertex components for the mass operators of electron–electron as well as electron–phonon interplays are renormalised. Thismakes it possible to perform numerical computationsfor the system’s energy spectrum with a predetermined accuracy. In contrast to other approaches in which electron correlations are only taken into account in the limiting cases of an infinitely large and infinitesimal electron density, in this method, electron correlations are described in the general case of an arbitrary density. We obtained the cluster expansion of the density of states (DOS) of the disordered systems. We demonstrate that the addition of the electron-scattering mechanismsto the clusters is decreasing. This happens due to a growing number of positions in the cluster, which hang ontothe small parameter. The computing exactness is fixed by a small parameter for cluster expansion of Green’s functions of electrons as well as phonons.
Effects of thermal treatment on the complex structure of luminescence emission of Li-doped ZnO screen-printed films
(2023) Chukova, O.; Borkovska, L.; Khomenkova, L.; Korsunska, N.; Ponomaryov, S.; Androulidaki, M.; Stratakis, E.
The ZnO–Li films were synthesized and investigated in an attempt to explore and develop RE-free phosphor materials capable of emitting intense visible light in a wide spectral range. The effects of both heterovalent doping with lithium and high-temperature annealing on the optical properties of ZnO films were studied. The films were deposited on the Al2O3 substrate using the screen-printing method and annealed at 800–1,000°C in air for 0.5–3 h. Both doping and annealing result in the transformation of the shape of reflectance spectra in the range of 300–400 nm and the shift of absorption edge to the long-wavelength region. At the same time, the bandgap value estimated taking into account the exciton peak position and its binding energy is independent of Li-doping. The feature at 300–400 nm and the shift of absorption edge are ascribed to the appearance of the absorption band that excited the yellow photoluminescence band. The photoluminescence spectra of undoped and Li-doped films show the emission bands in the ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges. The ultraviolet emission is due to ZnO exciton recombination. The visible emission band comprises several components peaked at 430, 482, 540, 575, and 640 nm. Their relative intensities depend on Li-doping, annealing temperature, and annealing duration. The 430- and 482-nm luminescence bands were observed in Lidoped films only. Their excitation spectra show the peak located at 330–340 nm, indicating that the energy significantly exceeds the ZnO bandgap energy. Consequently, the 430- and 482-nm luminescence bands are attributed to an additional crystal phase formed under annealing. Other components of visible emission bands are ascribed to the defect-related emission of ZnO. The possible nature of these bands is further discussed. Li-doping and annealing at intermediate temperatures result in blue emission and an enhancement of other visible bands, which makes ZnO–Li films a perspective material in photonic applications.
Elucidation of conditions for excitation of surface polaritons in Mg0.2Zn0.8O ceramics using the disturbed total internal reflection method
(2022) Melnichuk, Olexandr; Korsunska, Nadiia; Melnichuk, Lyudmyla; Khomenkova, Larysa; Venger, Yevgen
Conditions for the excitation of surface polaritons in Mg0.2Zn0.8O ceramics have been theoretically analyzed for the first time, and the surface of the disturbed total internal reflection І(ν) / І0(ν) has been plotted, which is a three-dimensional representation of the transmission coefficient in the IR spectral interval. Its dependence on the frequency and incidence angle of radiation is determined. The external reflection IR spectra are measured to calculate the required optical and electrophysical parameters of ceramics using the method of dispersion analysis. The possibility of researching the resonant interaction between optical phonons and plasmons has been demonstrated. The obtained results are in good agreement with the literature data.
The energy spectrum and the electrical conductivity of graphene with substitution impurity
(2020) Repetsky, Stanislav; Vyshyvana, Iryna; Kruchinin, Sergei; Melnyk, Ruslan; Polishchuk, Arkady
The effect of substitution atoms on the energy spectrum and the electrical conductivity of graphene was investigated in a Lifshitz one-electron tight-binding model. It is established that the ordering of impurity atoms results in a gap in the energy spectrum of electrons whose width depends on the order parameter and on the magnitude of the scattering potential. It is shown that if the order parameter is close to its maximum value, there are peaks associated with localized impurity states on the energy curve of the electron states density at the edges of the energy gap. At the electron concentration at which the Fermi level enters the gap region, the electrical conductivity is zero, and the metal-dielectric transition occurs. If the Fermi level falls in the region of the energy band, the electron relaxation time and electrical conductivity tend to infinity when the order parameter reaches its maximum value. The analytical calculations of the electron density and of the electrical conductivity of graphene, made in the limiting case of weak scattering, are compared with the results of the numerical calculations for different scattering potentials.
Enhancement of radiation-induced EPR signal in bioapatites
(2022) Nosenko, Valentyna; Vorona, Igor; Lemishko, Serhii; Golovina, Iryna; Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr; Okulov, Serhii; Neimash, Volodymyr; Povarchuk, Vasyl; Solopan, Serhii; Belous, Anatolii
Amplification of a dosimetric EPR signal in mineralized biological materials available in limited quantities has been demonstrated in this paper. Powders of irradiated enamel, dentin, and bone tissue were placed into silica ampoules with the outer diameter close to 1.4 mm. To amplify the signal, the dielectric insert in the form of cylinder with the outer radius 2.85 mm, the inner radius 0.75 mm, and the height 1.85 mm made of a high-κ and low-loss ceramic material BaTi4O9 + 8.5% ZnO has been used. It has been shown that maximum signal amplification (about an order of magnitude) has been achieved when the sample is completely inserted into this dielectric. It has been found that the line shape of the dosimetric signal is not distorted, if using the dielectric insert. Decomposition of the amplified EPR spectra allowed us to determine the relative contribution of two types of CO2– radicals to the dosimetric signal, which coincides with the literature data.
Geometry-induced motion of magnetic domain walls in curved nanostripes
(2018) Yershov, Kostiantyn; Kravchuk, Volodymyr; Sheka, Denis; Pylypovskyi, Oleksandr; Makarov, Denys; Gaididei, Yuri
Dynamics of topological magnetic textures are typically induced externally by, e.g. magnetic fields or spin/charge currents. Here, we demonstrate the effect of the internal-to-the-system geometryinduced motion of a domain wall in a curved nanostripe. Being driven by the gradient of the curvature of a biaxial stripe, transversal domain walls acquire remarkably high velocities of up to 100 m/s and do not exhibit any Walker-type speed limit. We pinpoint that the inhomogeneous distribution of the curvature-induced Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is a driving force for the motion of a domain wall. Although we showcase our approach on the specific Euler spiral geometry, the approach is general and can be applied to a wide class of geometries.
Improved parametrization of inclusive proton spectra from 3H(α,p)6He reaction using data obtained in a correlation experiment
(2022) Povoroznyk, Orest; Gorpinich, O.
The new analysis of inclusive proton spectra from 3H(α, p)6He reaction was performed. The existence of two new excited levels of 6He with energy parameters E2ex.s.*= 2.4 MeV, Γ = 0.4 MeV; E3ex.s.*= 3.0 MeV, Γ = 0.6 MeV was confirmed as a result of new parameterization performed using energy parameters obtained from the correlation kinematic-incomplete experimental study of 3H(α, pα)nn reactions at Eα = 27.2 MeV and Eα = 67.2 MeV in contrast to the initial analysis, in which the resonance observed above the known first excited 6He level E1ex.s. = 1.8 MeV was treated as the second broad excited level E2ex.s. = 2.98 (0.17) MeV, Γ2ex.s. = 2.39 (0.27) MeV.
Influence of compacting pressure on the electrical properties of ZnO and ZnO:Mn ceramics
(2024) Korsunska, N.; Markevich, Iryna; Stara, T.; Polishchuk, Yu.; Ponomaryov, S.; Kozoriz, K.; Tsybrii, Zinoviia; Melnichuk, O.; Melnichuk, L.; Venger, E.; Khomenkova, Larysa
Undoped and Mn-doped ZnO ceramics were prepared from the powders compacted at different pressures and sintered in air at high temperature. Their structural, optical, light emitting and electrical characteristics as well as the distribution of chemical elements were studied. It was found that an increase in compacting pressure stimulates an increase in direct current conductivity in both undoped and doped samples. In the case of doped samples, this effect was accompanied by a decrease in the height of potential barriers at the grain boundaries. It is found that electron concentration in ceramic grains, estimated from the modelling of infrared reflection spectra, remained relatively constant. The analysis of luminescence spectra and spatial zinc distribution revealed that the increase in compacting pressure results in the accumulation of interstitial zinc at the grain boundaries forming channels with enhanced conductivity. These findings provide an explanation for the evolution of electrical properties of ceramic samples with compacting pressure.
Influence of the ordering of impurities on the appearance of an energy gap and on the electrical conductance of graphene
(2018) Repetsky, Stanislav; Vyshyvana, Iryna; Kruchinin, Sergei; Bellucci, S.
In the one-band model of strong coupling, the infuence of substitutional impurity atoms on the energy spectrum and electrical conductance of graphene is studied. It is established that the ordering of substitutional impurity atoms on nodes of the crystal lattice causes the appearance of a gap in the energy spectrum of graphene with width η|δ| centered at the point yδ, where η is the parameter of ordering, δ is the diference of the scattering potentials of impurity atoms and carbon atoms, and y is the impurity concentration. The maximum value of the parameter of ordering is η = 2y y , ≤ 1/2 max . For the complete ordering of impurity atoms, the energy gap width equals 2 δ y . If the Fermi level falls in the region of the mentioned gap, then the electrical conductance σ 0 αα → at the ordering of graphene, i.e., the metal–dielectric transition arises. If the Fermi level is located outside the gap, then the electrical conductance increases with the parameter of order η by the relation σ y αα ~ − ( ) η 2 1 4 2 −1 . At the concentration y = 1/2, as the ordering of impurity atoms η→1, the electrical conductance of graphene σαα → ∞, i.e., the transition of graphene in the state of ideal electrical conductance arises.
Light-emitting properties of bn synthesized by different techniques
(2020) Rudko, Galyna; Sartinska, Lina; Isaieva, Oksana; Gule, Evgen; Eren, Tarik; Altay, Esra
Light-emitting properties of boron nitride powders of different morphology grown using various techniques have been studied. All samples were hexagonal BN (h-BN), while the content of impurity phases varied considerably. The wide photoluminescence band in the visible range has been observed. h-BN synthesized using carbothermal reduction method exhibited the highest efficiency of the photoluminescence emission. The intensity of BN emission has been interpreted in terms of interplay between the emission of intrinsic defects stabilized by carbon, carbon-related recombination centers and the centers of non-radiative recombination caused by the presence of sassolite phases in the samples.
Magnetization-induced shape transformations in flexible ferromagnetic rings
(2019) Gaididei, Yuri; Yershov, Kostiantyn; Sheka, Denis; Kravchuk, Volodymyr; Saxena, Avadh
Flexible ferromagnetic rings are spin-chain magnets, in which the magnetic and mechanical subsystems are coupled. The coupling is achieved through the tangentially oriented anisotropy axis. The possibility to operate the mechanics of the nanomagnets by controlling their magnetization is an important issue for the nanorobotics applications. A minimal model for the deformable curved anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnetic wire is proposed. An equilibrium phase diagram is constructed for the closed loop geometry: (i) A vortex state with vanishing total magnetic moment is typical for relatively large systems; in this case, the wire has the form of a regular circle. (ii) A topologically trivial onion state with the planar magnetization distribution is realized in small enough systems; magnetic loop is elliptically deformed. By varying geometrical and elastic parameters, a phase transition between the vortex and onion states takes place. The detailed analytical description of the phase diagram is well confirmed by numerical simulations.
Magneto-optic Kerr effect in Gd20Co80 alloy
(2022) Kudin, V.; Rozouvan, S.; Stashchuk, Vasyl
The magneto-optical Kerr effect in Gd20Co80 alloy and cobalt thin films has been studied in a broad spectral range applying spectral ellipsometry experimental technique. The results of the experiments showed the complex nature of the complex Kerr angle dispersion curves. A quantum mechanical formalism for degenerate and non-degenerate Landau levels for quasi-free electrons in ferromagnetic material has been developed in order to analyze the experimental data. The equivalence of relations for off-diagonal dielectric tensor elements for non-degenerate Landau levels to the classical case of the motion of quasi-free electrons along circular trajectories in a magnetic field has been theoretically shown. The degenerate Landau levels in this approach are the result of motion of electrons in small confined volumes near rare-earth alloy atoms. Rotation of light polarization occurs in this case due to transitions between subbands having different magnetic quantum numbers. This theoretical approach allowed us to interpret in detail shapes and sign of the complex Kerr angle dispersion curves, which actually include the contributions of optical transitions between degenerate and non-degenerate energy levels. The complex Kerr angle sign is determined by the magnetization magnetic field direction for non-degenerate Landau levels and the Hund rule for degenerate Landau levels.

Browse

Browsing Кафедра фізико-математичних наук by Subject "article"

Results Per Page

Sort Options