005. Факультет природничих наук

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Assessment of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the agrarian potential in Kherson region
(2024) Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Studinska, Galyna; Mamchur, Volodymyr; Menaker, Artem; Menshov, Oleksandr
The relevance of the study lies in the need to assess the impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on the agrarian potential of the Kherson region due to significant economic and ecological losses, in particular, the destruction and contamination of soils, which requires urgent monitoring of their quality and restoration of fertility to restore the agrarian sphere of the region. The assessment of the impact of the russian-Ukrainian war on the agrarian potential of the Kherson region and the determination of the prospects for its post-war recovery were chosen as the purpose of this work. The research was carried out using general scientific and special methods of studying phenomena and processes: analysis and synthesis, system analysis, method of analogy and modelling, system analysis, methods of information collection and processing. Data from the NASA FIRMS databases, Sentinel-2 satellite images, as well as images of fires from the Giovanni resource were used as an information base for the analysis. Additionally, tracking results of MODIS, VIIRS and VIIRS 2 Suomi satellites are involved. A mutual correlation of the yield of agricultural crops and the Agricultural Stress Index was carried out, which proves the absence of a serious impact of drought on the yield of agricultural crops in the Kherson region, except for the driest years. The dependence between the yield of grain and
Ecological risks of the impact of war on nature reserves in Ukraine (using the example of the Azovo-Sivash National Nature Park)
(2023) Horoshkova, Lidiia; Skrynchenko, K.; Menshov, Oleksandr; Maslova, O.; Korniichuk, Y.
Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the occupation of the peninsula, control over the jackal population has ceased. The increase in the number of jackals may be contributing to the predation on young deer, indirectly supported by the increase in grassland cover. Deer and mouflon are not attractive prey for jackals due to their size, so their populations remain stable, as does the level of shrubs. These changes create conditions for potential risks to the ecosystem, including the possible decline in the population of certain ungulate species or even their complete disappearance. The situation requires immediate attention and active measures to restore the ecological balance. Natural reserves like the Azovo-Sivash National Nature Park require additional monitoring and management to preserve species diversity and ecosystem stability. This may include the restoration of predator population control programs and research into their impact on ungulate populations to avoid the negative consequences of this dynamic. The methodology involves processing raster images of objects from different layers of the Dynamic World V1 subprogram, calculating pixel loads for specific types of objects using built-in program layers, and transforming the obtained data into ratios of actual object areas to the total area of the territory. Monthly averages were calculated for each object type. The observation period was selected from December 2015 to April 2023, taking into account the maximum capabilities of the Dynamic World V1 program for data reproduction.
Magnetic Properties of Sloping Soils: Methodological Challenges
(2023) Kruglov, O.; Menshov, Oleksandr; Horoshkova, Lidiia; Kruhlov, B.
The application of magnetometry in service provision of agricultural production is a very promising market. However, a number of methodical tasks stand in the way of active introduction of soil magnetometry. One of them is taking into account the impact of anomaly-forming processes, among which there is the alternation of washout - washout zones under the action of erosion processes. This paper investigates the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility of the soils of the sloping agricultural landscape and its relationship with key agronomic characteristics. The most significant deviations are characteristic of the first third of the range of organic carbon content values. Such values are characteristic of the lower parts of the landscape, with the most pronounced manifestations of washout.
Magnetic susceptibility of inclined soils and its relationship with some agronomic indicators
(2023) Kruglov, Oleksandr; Menshov, Oleksandr; Horoshkova, Lidiіa; Kruhlov, Bohdan
The modern agricultural complex requires the use of new methods for determining soil characteristics for adequate information support of the latest technologies, which is often impossible to provide using conventional methods. The purpose of the study is to identify the informative value of magnetometric methods in determining slope processes that regulate the use of certain measures to increase soil fertility and protect soils from erosion. The study was conducted on inclined agricultural landscapes of the Kharkiv region. This study used a KLY-2 Kappabridge (Czech Republic) and an Ohaus 403 laboratory scale to determine magnetic susceptibility. The selected soil samples, in accordance with the accepted methods, were brought to an air-dry state under normal conditions. Soil sampling was conducted from a layer of 0-20 cm. Visualisation of the study results and determination of potential soil losses (USLE model) was performed in the QGis programme. The correlation of magnetic susceptibility on simple and complex slopes was analysed. It was established that on simple slopes, the value of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil has a high value of this indicator with the content of physical clay and organic carbon. Therewith, there is a high degree of connection of this indicator with the results of mathematical modelling of erosion processes (USLE). For complex sections of slopes, the method is correct only for transeluvial landscapes, while for accumulative landscapes, the mentioned connection disappears. The correlation coefficient in the humus content – magnetic susceptibility pair also decreases. This is due to the alternation of washout–accumulation zones and exits of soil-forming rocks in runoff basins, the existence of which is not provided for by the procedure for applying the USLE model of potential soil losses. The use of soil MS data has a high potential for the localisation of soil inhomogeneities associated with the differentiation of humus content and granulometric composition.
Monitoring and modeling of infrastructure indicators development of united territorial communities
(2022) Horoshkova, Lidiia; Khlobystov, Yevgen; Shvydka, S.; Menshov, Oleksandr; Tarasenko, Denys; Sumets, A.
A study of the dynamics of state support for infrastructure development of UTC, development expenditures (capital expenditures) and the effectiveness of the current mechanism for calculating the infrastructure subvention on the example of Zaporizhya region and identified the relationship between infrastructure subvention and development expenditures (capital expenditures). It is established that the current mechanism for determining the size of the infrastructure subvention, when it is determined depending on the size of the rural population and the area of UTC is ineffective. It is proved that it is necessary to assess the parameters of sustainable development of OTG not only by traditional components, which are economic, environmental and social, but also by the infrastructural component. For this purpose, an integrated indicator of sustainable infrastructural development of each individual UTC, district or region is proposed, which would allow comparing OTG indicators not only within a district or region, but also between regions of Ukraine. Its definition is carried out using the apparatus of fuzzy set theory.
Soil magnetic properties of the landslide site in O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden
(2023) Menshov, Oleksandr; Horoshkova, Lidiia; Kruglov, O.; Andreeva, O.
To perform landslide susceptibility prediction, it is important to select appropriate mapping unit and landslide-related conditioning factors. Magnetic method is low cost and rapid instrument for the landslide and soil erosion identification. An example of the application of the magnetic methods for the local prediction of possible landslide activation was performed at the territory of the Alpine hill of O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras Shevchenko National university of Kyiv. The results of the soil magnetic studies demonstrated the redistribution of the soil genetic horizons. The confirmation is the visible difference from the normal natural conditions according to the magnetic susceptibility (MS, χ) values. The anthropogenic pollution was registered too. The values of MS are 1.5–2 times higher comparing with the natural chernozems of Kyiv region.
Soil sampling and magnetic susceptibility determination in soil science: methodological aspect
(2022) Kruglov, O.; Menshov, Oleksandr; Horoshkova, Lidiia; Tonkha, O.; Andreeva, O.; Kruhlov, Bohdan; Zhuravel, O.
The study is dedicated to the numerous methodological problems that arise when applying the magnetic susceptibility measurements of soils for the agrarian application. The experiment was carried out for the chernozem soils of the Kharkiv and Poltava regions. Problems in the sampling planning are related to the main tillage processes. The temporal and spatial parameters as well as the sampling depth were analyzed. It has been shown that the use of soil magnetic susceptibility (MS) has a high potential in determining soil inhomogeneities. The first of all, MS is relevant in the implementation of the concept of precision agriculture, where it has market advantages over traditional methods.

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