Кафедра фізико-математичних наук

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Browsing Кафедра фізико-математичних наук by Author "Gabovich, Alexander"

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    The interplay of external and internal semiotics of domain-specific scientific theories
    (University of Tartu, 2022) Gabovich, Alexander; Kuznetsov, Volodymyr
    We suppose that those who are reading this contribution are familiar with the traditional reconstruction of domain-specific scientific theories (DSSTs) as logically ordered and static systems of statements about their domains. The latter split into separate realities with their attributes. However, any DSST (e.g., celestial mechanics, theories of superconductivity, theories of elementary particles) is an ever-improving tool for acquiring new knowledge. It means that a more realistic reconstruction is a varied polysystem. Its interacting and changing subsystems (SS) perform specific functions in the complex process of obtaining and testing the new knowledge. According to the modified structure-nominative reconstruction, there are many SSs in DSSTs [2019; 2021].
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    Path of modern natural sciences: from discovery of realities to study of their attributes
    (2022) Gabovich, Alexander; Kuznetsov, Volodymyr
    We analyze the development of the natural sciences according to the scheme: "… reality – attributes – reality – attributes". Any material reality is interpreted as a carrier of attributes manifested in a certain range of its experimental study and at a certain theoretical level of data understanding. More sophisticated experiments and refined theories lead to a more detailed and correct vision of realities and their attributes. The latter initiates new experiments and creation of new theories. These cognitive processes lead to the discovery of new material realities with their additional or refined attributes compared to those previously known. The objectivity and relative truth of scientific statements about the realities under study and their attributes are based on a qualitative or quantitative correspondence between theoretically calculated values of attributes and their experimentally measured values. We emphasize that the isolation and adequate historical and philosophical analysis of those cycles requires professional knowledge of the analyzed complex scientific material and cannot be implemented within the framework of oversimplified ideas about science and the role, which theories play in it. Examples of such ideas are the understanding of theories solely in terms of their refutation and confirmation or even the replacement of theories with fuzzy sociological concepts such as a paradigm and sociocultural determination of the scientific results. Those views often become the source of idealistic, irrational, and postmodernist interpretations of science and its history.