До питання оцінювання наукових результатів українських учених
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Date
2021
Authors
Бакуменко, Валерій
Чала, Ніна
Цедік, Марія
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Abstract
Питання ефективної оцінки результатів наукової роботи українських учених викликає тривалі дискусії. Упровадження на законодавчому рівні застосування наукометричних показників для оцінки наукової роботи українських учених привело до поляризації цього дискурсу. За мету статті було поставлено дослідження обґрунтованості використання публікаційної активності вченого у виданнях, які індексуються в міжнародних наукометричних базах як оцінки результатів наукової роботи. Науковим базисом представленого дослідження стали роботи вітчизняних
та зарубіжних учених, а також дані платформ Scopus та Google Scholar. Аналіз наукових профілів українських учених у різних галузях науки показав, що через національну або регіональну спрямованість соціальних і гуманітарних наук спостерігається їх низька, порівняно з природничими науками, цитованість. Автори вважають, що не правильно оцінювати результати наукової роботи вчених лише на основі публікацій у виданнях, які індексуються в міжнародних наукометричних базах. Стаття показує, що державна наукова політика, яка оцінює кваліфікацію вчених лише шляхом публікації в наукометричних виданнях, ризикує втратити національний напрям досліджень. Подальші дослідження мають бути спрямовані на розробку адекватної оцінки наукової роботи українських учених, яка буде органічно враховувати галузь знань та значущість наукових розробок для міжнародної та вітчизняної наукової спільноти.
The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. Nowadays the massive flow of information and vast amount of scientific journals has led to the situation when scientists do not have time to keep up with all the latest developments in the areas of their scientific interests. Clarivate, a company which provides access to the Web of Science Core Collection, has estimated that a scientist manages to read just up to 200 articles a year on the subject of his/her research. Thus, there is a problem, both for scientific journals and for individual scientists – to ensure the «visibility» of their achievements to the professional community. Limited access to scientific papers for various reasons – language environment, the availability of a printed version solely, difficult site navigation, or compulsory prepayment for the access to a resourse – all these facts significantly limit the «visibility» of a scientist, that influences his/her recognition in the professional field and amount of citations. Although the problem is sensitive for all international scientific community, our research is principally focused on the Ukrainian academic environment. The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with, identification of parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. The issues considering what tools and how methodologies for evaluating results in the Ukrainian academic society are used, have been scrutinized in numerous publications of Ukrainian scholars, including A. Mazaraki, N. Prytulska, S. Melnychenko, V. Kirvas, I. Sazonets, L. Kostenko, O. Halchevska and others. The works of M. Sokolov, Yu. Hranivskiy, Yu. Sharabchiyev, D. Hicks, P.Wouters, L.Waltman and other foreign researchers on application of the existing scientometric databases used by scientists in the world are also of great interest. Whereas being vitaly topical for Ukrainian academic community, the issue is considered not sufficiently studied. The purpose (the objective) of this article. The main purpose of the study is to find out how the evaluation of scientific results, which is based on the publishing activity of a scientist, is made in Ukraine, and to formulate certain recommendations regarding the development of the system of public evaluation for scientific achievements. The key results and the background. The analysis of the Ukrainian research materials presented on international platforms such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar has revealed the fact that the largest number of Ukrainian scientists’ cited works can be observed in Physics, Mathematics, Life Sciences and Chemistry. Whereas the level of citation of Ukrainian scholars that are engaged in Pedagogy, Social Sciences, Economics, Agricultural Sciences and Humanities is dramatically low. The most probable reason for that is the lack of interest among international scientific community in Ukrainian scientific research in these areas, perhaps, due to the fact that the majority of the researches in the corresponding social sciences are basically aimed at Ukrainian realities. The most probable reason for this situation is the fact that the majority of the researches in the corresponding social sciences are basically focused on Ukrainian realities which is not the issue of a great interest among international scientific community. It was also pointed out that the Ukrainian scientific community was concerned rather with the drastic and sudden changes in the requirenments, than with the very fact to publish the results of its own researches on the Web of Science and Scopus platforms. Accordingly, it was proposed to launch national scientometric platforms, following the experience of China, India, Russia, Japan and Korea in this issue, and the results of a national scientometric platform should be included in the licensing, accreditation and certification requirements. It should also be beard in mind that if the assessment of scientific performance is based solely on the number of citations of a scientist, it can lead to the «artificial winding» by using self-citation. To avoid such negative consequences the assessment of a scientists’ performance should combine their citation rate, training and certification, expert work, etc. Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. When evaluating scientists’ activity results the priority should be given to promoting the development of those scientific researches, which are in significant demand in Ukrainian society, and the support for our scientists should be in particular focuse of the government. The increase of Ukrainian science «visibility» on international level, may be achieved by stimulation at the state level the initiative of a heightening in the number of registered domestic scientific publications on the Web of Science and Scopus platforms. The evaluation of scientific work results, which is based only on the number of citations, or indicators of the number of articles posted on the platforms of Web of Science and Scopus, may cause false understanding of the significance of scientific developments and loss of innovation authenticity of the national science. To motivate scientists and scholars and increase their efficiency, it is necessary to develop an adequate model for evaluating the results of their research work, which should be based on a reasonable combination of different types of scientific activities: publication and citation of scientific papers, training, expert work, etc. This may be a prospective issue for the further research.
The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. Nowadays the massive flow of information and vast amount of scientific journals has led to the situation when scientists do not have time to keep up with all the latest developments in the areas of their scientific interests. Clarivate, a company which provides access to the Web of Science Core Collection, has estimated that a scientist manages to read just up to 200 articles a year on the subject of his/her research. Thus, there is a problem, both for scientific journals and for individual scientists – to ensure the «visibility» of their achievements to the professional community. Limited access to scientific papers for various reasons – language environment, the availability of a printed version solely, difficult site navigation, or compulsory prepayment for the access to a resourse – all these facts significantly limit the «visibility» of a scientist, that influences his/her recognition in the professional field and amount of citations. Although the problem is sensitive for all international scientific community, our research is principally focused on the Ukrainian academic environment. The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with, identification of parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. The issues considering what tools and how methodologies for evaluating results in the Ukrainian academic society are used, have been scrutinized in numerous publications of Ukrainian scholars, including A. Mazaraki, N. Prytulska, S. Melnychenko, V. Kirvas, I. Sazonets, L. Kostenko, O. Halchevska and others. The works of M. Sokolov, Yu. Hranivskiy, Yu. Sharabchiyev, D. Hicks, P.Wouters, L.Waltman and other foreign researchers on application of the existing scientometric databases used by scientists in the world are also of great interest. Whereas being vitaly topical for Ukrainian academic community, the issue is considered not sufficiently studied. The purpose (the objective) of this article. The main purpose of the study is to find out how the evaluation of scientific results, which is based on the publishing activity of a scientist, is made in Ukraine, and to formulate certain recommendations regarding the development of the system of public evaluation for scientific achievements. The key results and the background. The analysis of the Ukrainian research materials presented on international platforms such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar has revealed the fact that the largest number of Ukrainian scientists’ cited works can be observed in Physics, Mathematics, Life Sciences and Chemistry. Whereas the level of citation of Ukrainian scholars that are engaged in Pedagogy, Social Sciences, Economics, Agricultural Sciences and Humanities is dramatically low. The most probable reason for that is the lack of interest among international scientific community in Ukrainian scientific research in these areas, perhaps, due to the fact that the majority of the researches in the corresponding social sciences are basically aimed at Ukrainian realities. The most probable reason for this situation is the fact that the majority of the researches in the corresponding social sciences are basically focused on Ukrainian realities which is not the issue of a great interest among international scientific community. It was also pointed out that the Ukrainian scientific community was concerned rather with the drastic and sudden changes in the requirenments, than with the very fact to publish the results of its own researches on the Web of Science and Scopus platforms. Accordingly, it was proposed to launch national scientometric platforms, following the experience of China, India, Russia, Japan and Korea in this issue, and the results of a national scientometric platform should be included in the licensing, accreditation and certification requirements. It should also be beard in mind that if the assessment of scientific performance is based solely on the number of citations of a scientist, it can lead to the «artificial winding» by using self-citation. To avoid such negative consequences the assessment of a scientists’ performance should combine their citation rate, training and certification, expert work, etc. Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. When evaluating scientists’ activity results the priority should be given to promoting the development of those scientific researches, which are in significant demand in Ukrainian society, and the support for our scientists should be in particular focuse of the government. The increase of Ukrainian science «visibility» on international level, may be achieved by stimulation at the state level the initiative of a heightening in the number of registered domestic scientific publications on the Web of Science and Scopus platforms. The evaluation of scientific work results, which is based only on the number of citations, or indicators of the number of articles posted on the platforms of Web of Science and Scopus, may cause false understanding of the significance of scientific developments and loss of innovation authenticity of the national science. To motivate scientists and scholars and increase their efficiency, it is necessary to develop an adequate model for evaluating the results of their research work, which should be based on a reasonable combination of different types of scientific activities: publication and citation of scientific papers, training, expert work, etc. This may be a prospective issue for the further research.
Description
Keywords
оцінка наукового результату, державна наукова політика, метрики української науки, стаття, evaluation of scientific result, public science policy, metrics of Ukrainian science
Citation
Бакуменко В. Д. До питання оцінювання наукових результатів українських учених / Валерій Бакуменко, Ніна Чала, Марія Цедік // Збірник наукових праць Національної академії державного управління при Президентові України. - 2021. - Вип. 1. - С. 15-26. - https://doi.org/10.36.030/2664-3618-2021-1-15-26