Зміни граматичних норм числа в питомих та іншомовних назвах взуття
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Date
2024
Authors
Лаврінець, Олена
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Abstract
У статті простежено динаміку граматичної категорії числа в питомих та іншомовних іменникових назвах взуття сучасної української мови. Виокремлено ядро, приядерну зону та периферію номенів взуття за граматичним значенням числа, зафіксованим у друкованих і/або електронних словниках сучасної української літературної мови. З ’ясовано чинники непослідовної репрезентації іменникових назв взуття за категорією числа в лексикографійних джерелах.
Description
Footwear and its various models are primarily the subject of study in merchandising; however, for linguistics, it is an equally interesting object of research in synchronous and diachronic aspects. In particular, the grammatical characteristics of footwear nouns have not yet been the subject of separate research. The plural form of the noun "footwear" is more commonly used in modern linguistic practice, determined by the significance, for human existence, of the semantics of a complete pair of footwear. The singular form of the noun name ‘footwear’ is less common, as it disrupts the integrity of the concept of a ‘footwear pair’ with the semantics of an "individualized" object. The choice of the number form of footwear nouns as a register is determined by different principles of compiling lexicographical publications and their distinct purposes: explanatory dictionaries prioritize the meaning of an unanalyzed plural, while registers prioritize the plural form of the noun expressing the semantics of a type of footwear. In orthographic dictionaries, the indication of another numerical form represents the inflectional component of the number category of fixed nouns in this semantic group. The grammatical significance of the number in the core of footwear names consists of nouns with a numeral pair, where the codification of the singular form is conditioned by the proportional origin of lexemes and the completion of the grammatical assimilation of foreigh lexemes. Lexicographical sources inconsistently record the singular form of footwear nouns from the core sphere. The change in the grammatical qualification of some footwear names from ‘pluralia tantum’ to ‘grammatical significance of singular and plural’ attests to the dynamics of morphological norms in contemporary Ukrainian language in general and IS SN the process of grammatical adaptation of predominantly foreigh lexemes in particular. However, more often, discrepancies in the printed and electronic dictionaries regarding the grammatical number of nouns from the core sphere of footwear (either plural nouns or nouns with a numeral pair) are caused by subjective factors. The periphery consists of ‘pluralia tantum’ nouns, most of which are of foreign origin and only make up a part of the lexical composition of the Ukrainian language. The infrequent functioning of singular forms of nouns from the peripheral sphere in modern speech indicates the incompleteness of their grammatical adaptation. Predominantly foreigh footwear names that are not represented in any of the analyzed dictionaries reside outside the delineated spheres, and their use in the plural form in the texts of the 16th version of the Ukrainian National Corpus (HRAK) and in advertising posts on the social network "Instagram" illustrate the beginning of grammatical adaptation to the morphological norms of the modern Ukrainian language. We see the perspective of research in studying the dynamics of grammatical assimilation primarily of those footwear names that are only included in the lexical system of the
Ukrainian language and have the grammatical status of ‘pluralia tantum’ nouns, predominantly used in modern speech either exclusively or mostly in the plural form, with the singular form of these nouns not recorded in any lexicographical publication. The observation of changes in the grammatical number of those footwear names whose singular form is not codified, as it is inconsistently represented in dictionaries, also remains relevant.
Keywords
категорія числа, іменник, назва взуття, pluralia tantum, парна множина, розчленована множина, нерозчленована множина, динаміка, словник, стаття, number category, noun, footwear name, pluralia tantum, numeral pair, parsed plural, unparsed plural, dynamics, dictionary
Citation
Лаврінець О. Я. Зміни граматичних норм числа в питомих та іншомовних назвах взуття / О. Я. Лаврінець // Українська мова. - 2024. - № 1 (89). - С. 18-42. - https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2024.01.018