Масові операції НКВС у Сквирському районі Київської області 1937-1938 рр.: виконавці та жертви
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Date
2022
Authors
Бажан, Олег
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Abstract
У статті висвітлюється механізм реалізації каральної політики сталінського режиму в Сквирському районі Київської області у добу Великого терору через призму діяльності
низової структури радянських органів державної безпеки. На основі аналізу архівно-слідчих справ Галузевого державного архіву Служби безпеки України та Центрального державного архіву
громадських об’єднань та україніки реконструйовано хід і масштаби політичних репресій 1937-
1938 років в оперативному секторі районної ланки Управління державної безпеки Наркомату
внутрішніх справ УРСР. Показано роль і місце конкретних виконавців репресивної політики
радянської влади у Сквирському районі Київської області.
Skvyra district as an "object" of operational development was characterized by NKVD officers as an area with pronounced signs of support for the idea of Ukrainian statehood, a long-term insurgent struggle of local residents against the Soviet authorities, and the dominance of the agrarian sector in the economy of the region. With the help of the intelligence and information network in the controlled operational sector, the Soviet special services monitored the public mood of the peasants, workers, and intelligentsia. In addition, they monitored the activities of the Orthodox clergy, and Protestant religious organizations, collected information about the economic structure of the village (the number of wealthy peasants, middle peasants, and poor people); recorded the state of production, the level of discipline, cases of abuse in collective farms, state farms, plants and factories; exercised control over sanitary and medical, educational institutions, railway transport; formed a base of the so-called unreliable elements, and accumulated compromising materials on individuals in the form of agency files and form-files. Chekist document files came in handy during the Great Terror – the large-scale struggle of the Stalinist regime against the potential "fifth column" (Trotskyists, kulaks, former political opponents). Mass repressive actions in the Skvyra district were carried out according to the national-production principle. The majority of those arrested were collective farm workers, the ‘nomenclature’ of agricultural enterprises, and "persons of enemy nationality" (Poles and Germans). In an effort to timely implement operational orders of the NKVD to repress the kulaks and the "enemy national element", the employees of the Skvyra District Department of the NKVD often resorted to the practice of "simple registration and stamping of investigative materials", the use of prohibited psychological and physical pressure on detainees. The ‘Beriya Thaw’ (the end of 1938-1939) led to the end of mass political repressions in the region and selective accusations of employees of the Skvyra District Department of the NKVD in "violation of socialist legality".
Skvyra district as an "object" of operational development was characterized by NKVD officers as an area with pronounced signs of support for the idea of Ukrainian statehood, a long-term insurgent struggle of local residents against the Soviet authorities, and the dominance of the agrarian sector in the economy of the region. With the help of the intelligence and information network in the controlled operational sector, the Soviet special services monitored the public mood of the peasants, workers, and intelligentsia. In addition, they monitored the activities of the Orthodox clergy, and Protestant religious organizations, collected information about the economic structure of the village (the number of wealthy peasants, middle peasants, and poor people); recorded the state of production, the level of discipline, cases of abuse in collective farms, state farms, plants and factories; exercised control over sanitary and medical, educational institutions, railway transport; formed a base of the so-called unreliable elements, and accumulated compromising materials on individuals in the form of agency files and form-files. Chekist document files came in handy during the Great Terror – the large-scale struggle of the Stalinist regime against the potential "fifth column" (Trotskyists, kulaks, former political opponents). Mass repressive actions in the Skvyra district were carried out according to the national-production principle. The majority of those arrested were collective farm workers, the ‘nomenclature’ of agricultural enterprises, and "persons of enemy nationality" (Poles and Germans). In an effort to timely implement operational orders of the NKVD to repress the kulaks and the "enemy national element", the employees of the Skvyra District Department of the NKVD often resorted to the practice of "simple registration and stamping of investigative materials", the use of prohibited psychological and physical pressure on detainees. The ‘Beriya Thaw’ (the end of 1938-1939) led to the end of mass political repressions in the region and selective accusations of employees of the Skvyra District Department of the NKVD in "violation of socialist legality".
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Keywords
Сквирський район Київської області, політичні репресії, органи державної безпеки, позасудові органи, стаття, Skvyra district of Kyiv region, political repression, state security bodies, extrajudicial bodies
Citation
Бажан О. Г. Масові операції НКВС у Сквирському районі Київської області 1937-1938 рр.: виконавці та жертви / Олег Бажан // Старожитності Лукомор'я. - 2022. - № 4 (13). - С. 75-85. - https://doi.org/10.33782/2708-4116.2022.4.169