Тропи і пояснення в політичних дискурсах: спроба лінгво-політичної інтерпретації
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Date
2021
Authors
Яковлєв, Максим
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Abstract
У статті розглядається використання тропів як риторичних прийомів на прикладі політичного дискурсу про історичний контекст і міжнародні відносини. Ідентифіковані на емпіричному матеріалі тропи ілюструють можливості пояснення в суспільствознавчих дисциплінах, з опертям на методологічні підходи до пояснення, розроблені Ю. Міганом і П. Ротом, за якими пояснення у соціальних науках можливе як системна парадигма, в якій ідентифіковані структурні елементи у вигляді змінних та зв’язків між ними, що регулюються певними принципами. Ю.Міган використовує метафору карти по відношенню до пояснення: масштаб і форма залежить від позиції дослідника, а її формат – від конкретних дослідницьких завдань. За П.Ротом, у суспільствознавстві є низка пояснень, які просто неможливі без наративного викладу, в яких наратив і є поясненням і які він називає "сутнісно наративні пояснення". Проведений аналіз на прикладі витягів з праць Д. Саттера і С. Корсунського демонструє, що складні тропи (приміром металепсис) дозволяють ідентифікувати складові дискурсу та відтворити зв’язки між ними, які практично неможливо передати за допомогою символьної чи "сухої" наукової мови.
This article presents and attempt at interpretation of how tropes as part of rhetoric are used in order to provide an explanation for complex phenomena within the framework of political discourse. This article also identifies different tropes in a number of examples of discourses related to domestic and foreign politics and policies in a general sense. The theories of how explanation work are based on the writings of Eugene Meehan and Paul Roth. E.Meehan developed a system paradigm of explanation in social science in which explanation is the application of a logical system to a description and, in turn, system is defined as formal logical structures, sets of variables and the rules governing interactions between them. Political discourse cannot be interpreted as strict logical systems, however the components of such discourse (that merely resemble the notion of "variable") can and should be identified. E. Meehan also claimed that explanation is in many respect analogous to a map since it records the results of observation, depends upon the standpoint of its author and must suit the needs of the user. P. Roth, on the other hand, developed a concept of narrative explanation and for him some explanations are essentially narrative, which means that narrative sentence in them servers as explandandum statement and meaning explained in them is non-detachable from its narrative form. P. Roth also claims that description serves as justification in narrative explanations, and narrative are also capable of developing contexts. Approaches of E. Meehan and P.Roth can be used to provide a lingvopolitical interpretation of how tropes as means of rhetoric as used to explain complex political phenomena: they help to identify the components of discourse (as even their actors that can be marked indirectly to referring to them by using disphemisms) and illustrate the complexity of their interactions and interrelations, especially when complex tropes like metalepsis are used to show the transitions of meanings from abstract notions to facts and day-to-day examples of political practices, and in this article the extracts from writings of D.Satter and S. Korsunskyi illustrate these points.
This article presents and attempt at interpretation of how tropes as part of rhetoric are used in order to provide an explanation for complex phenomena within the framework of political discourse. This article also identifies different tropes in a number of examples of discourses related to domestic and foreign politics and policies in a general sense. The theories of how explanation work are based on the writings of Eugene Meehan and Paul Roth. E.Meehan developed a system paradigm of explanation in social science in which explanation is the application of a logical system to a description and, in turn, system is defined as formal logical structures, sets of variables and the rules governing interactions between them. Political discourse cannot be interpreted as strict logical systems, however the components of such discourse (that merely resemble the notion of "variable") can and should be identified. E. Meehan also claimed that explanation is in many respect analogous to a map since it records the results of observation, depends upon the standpoint of its author and must suit the needs of the user. P. Roth, on the other hand, developed a concept of narrative explanation and for him some explanations are essentially narrative, which means that narrative sentence in them servers as explandandum statement and meaning explained in them is non-detachable from its narrative form. P. Roth also claims that description serves as justification in narrative explanations, and narrative are also capable of developing contexts. Approaches of E. Meehan and P.Roth can be used to provide a lingvopolitical interpretation of how tropes as means of rhetoric as used to explain complex political phenomena: they help to identify the components of discourse (as even their actors that can be marked indirectly to referring to them by using disphemisms) and illustrate the complexity of their interactions and interrelations, especially when complex tropes like metalepsis are used to show the transitions of meanings from abstract notions to facts and day-to-day examples of political practices, and in this article the extracts from writings of D.Satter and S. Korsunskyi illustrate these points.
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Keywords
концептосфера політичної науки, дискурс-аналіз, міждисциплінарні лінгвістично-політологічні дослідження, політична теорія, методологія наукових досліджень, термінознавство, стаття, concepts’ sphere of political science, discourse analysis, interdisciplinary linguistic-political studies, political theory, social science research methodology, terminology science
Citation
Яковлєв М. В. Тропи і пояснення в політичних дискурсах: спроба лінгво-політичної інтерпретації / Максим Володимирович Яковлєв // Філософія та політологія в контексті сучасної культури. - 2021. - Т. 13, № 1. - С. 149-156. - https://doi.org/10.15421/352117