Подорожувати, щоб самовдосконалюватися і примножувати благо людства і своєї країни: поради Леопольда фон Берхтольда у контексті просвітницького дискурсу
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Диса, Катерина
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
У статті подано й проаналізовано поради досвідченого мандрівника, богемського філантропа
XVIII століття Леопольда фон Берхтольда, який зібрав у своїй книжці як практичні рекомендації,
так і підказки щодо самовдосконалення і пошуку шляхів покращення своєї країни (саме тому поради
адресовані "патріотичному мандрівникові"). Хоча деякі рекомендації є доволі типовими для подібної літератури, вони все ж можуть багато розповісти про інфраструктуру подорожей, інтелектуальну атмосферу і комунікативну структуру доби Просвітництва. На думку Берхтольда, патріотичний мандрівник був своєрідною універсальною людиною, яка зналася на більшості наукових
галузей, орієнтувалася в механіці, економіці та медицині, знала багато мов, а до того ж була вправ-
ним художником і музикантом. Серед дотичних до доби Просвітництва тем, яким автор приділив
увагу в своїх рекомендаціях, згадувався, приміром, патріотизм як громадянська чеснота, покликана
вдосконалити не лише рідну країну мандрівника, а й дати користь всьому людству. Текст також
пронизаний згадками про сумнів як основу критичного осмислення навколишньої реальності в добу
Просвітництва. Не останню роль у рекомендаціях Берхтольда відіграє тема публічної сфери,
а також дотичної до неї соціабельності та розбудови соціальних мереж.
The recommendations of the Bohemian philanthropist of the late eighteenth century Leopold von Berchtold to travelers were not unique: there were others before and after. In the previous centuries other authors also tended to recommend their readers to pay attention to the economic state of foreign countries and provided them with a long list of questions they had to ask the people in the country of their destination. However, Berchtold’s recommendations were the product of his time, the age of Enlightenment, and they mentioned numerous topics and problems characteristic for that period. For instance, the author believed that self-improvement of a traveler had to begin long before the start of the trip. In Berchtold’s opinion, a traveler prepared for the journey was a kind of ideal, universal superhuman who was physically proficient, expert in all spheres of science, mechanics, economics, and medicine, who knew many languages, and was a talented artist and musician. Among the topics related to the Enlightenment, to which the author paid attention, were, for instance, patriotism of the traveler, which he understood as civil virtue, destined to improve not only his own country but also the whole of humankind. Moreover, patriotism in Berchtold’s interpretation did not contradict cosmopolitanism but rather it based itself on it. Philanthropy – which in the eighteenth century was a kind of secular religion – also featured a lot in Berchtold’s recommendations. Finally, the theme of doubt, as a basis for a critical assessment of reality and verification of authorities, pierced through the whole text of Leopold Berchtold. So did the topic of the public sphere, especially sociability and creation of social networks. The recommendations of Berchtold are thus valuable as a source that can tell a lot about the age of Enlightenment – not only about the practical side of traveling but also about the intellectual history of that period.
The recommendations of the Bohemian philanthropist of the late eighteenth century Leopold von Berchtold to travelers were not unique: there were others before and after. In the previous centuries other authors also tended to recommend their readers to pay attention to the economic state of foreign countries and provided them with a long list of questions they had to ask the people in the country of their destination. However, Berchtold’s recommendations were the product of his time, the age of Enlightenment, and they mentioned numerous topics and problems characteristic for that period. For instance, the author believed that self-improvement of a traveler had to begin long before the start of the trip. In Berchtold’s opinion, a traveler prepared for the journey was a kind of ideal, universal superhuman who was physically proficient, expert in all spheres of science, mechanics, economics, and medicine, who knew many languages, and was a talented artist and musician. Among the topics related to the Enlightenment, to which the author paid attention, were, for instance, patriotism of the traveler, which he understood as civil virtue, destined to improve not only his own country but also the whole of humankind. Moreover, patriotism in Berchtold’s interpretation did not contradict cosmopolitanism but rather it based itself on it. Philanthropy – which in the eighteenth century was a kind of secular religion – also featured a lot in Berchtold’s recommendations. Finally, the theme of doubt, as a basis for a critical assessment of reality and verification of authorities, pierced through the whole text of Leopold Berchtold. So did the topic of the public sphere, especially sociability and creation of social networks. The recommendations of Berchtold are thus valuable as a source that can tell a lot about the age of Enlightenment – not only about the practical side of traveling but also about the intellectual history of that period.
Description
Keywords
подорожня література, Просвітництво, публічна сфера, патріотизм, сумнів, XVIII ст., стаття, travel writing, Enlightenment, public sphere, patriotism, doubt, eighteenth century
Citation
Диса К. Л. Подорожувати, щоб самовдосконалюватися і примножувати благо людства і своєї країни: поради Леопольда фон Берхтольда у контексті просвітницького дискурсу / Диса К. Л. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2021. - Т. 4. - С. 5-13.