Моделі узгодженості розподілених систем віртуальної реальності
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Date
2020
Authors
Дученчук, Володимир
Бублик, Володимир
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Abstract
Ця робота фокусується на інтерактивних розподілених програмах із спільним віртуальним середовищем, що також відомі як розподілені системи віртуальної реальності. Такі системи ефективно використовують у застосунках для навчальних, імітаційних і розважальних цілей. Системи
розподіленої віртуальної реальності характеризуються високим рівнем взаємодії між користувачами у режимі реального часу у спільному віртуальному середовищі. В статті розглянуто основні
вимоги до таких систем, їхні функції та властивості. Автори аналізують наявні підходи до досягнення узгодженості в розподілених системах, а також пропонують власну модель узгодженості
розподілених систем віртуальної реальності, що дає змогу досягти ефективного балансу між узгодженістю та швидкістю відтворення станів
This paper focuses on interactive distributed software with a shared virtual environment, also known as distributed virtual reality systems, which allows remote users interaction within a shared virtual environment. Usually users of such systems are connected from different geographical places by means of broadband network, but it is also possible to communicate within local networks. Such systems are effectively used in applications for educational, simulation and entertainment purposes. Distributed virtual reality systems are characterized by a high level of interaction between users in real time in a shared virtual environment. They enable multiple users concurrently immersed in virtual reality to simultaneously interact with each other. Distributed virtual reality systems are a subclass of distributed systems, so they inherit all of their properties such as the absence of global physical clock and shared memory, as well as autonomy and heterogeneity of a system. Distributed virtual reality systems also have their own unique characteristics such as real-time computations, specific nature of distributed computations and clock synchronization requirement. Extensive computer networks involving rigorous numbers of users in man-computer interaction demand high level of flexibility and scalability. The paper considers the main requirements for such systems, their functions and properties. The authors analyze the existing approaches to achieving consistency in distributed systems such as spatial consistency, sequential consistency, causal sequence model and also eventual consistency model. Some models of client-centric consistency have also been analyzed. Achievement of the necessary level of effectiveness depends on the policy of data replication during the whole performance. One of the major problems in this case is coherence of replicas. When one copy is updated, the others should be updated, too; otherwise replicas will not be identical anymore. Appropriate coherence model should provide a contract between processes and a storage of data. In other words, if processes agree to carry out some rules, then the storage of data guarantees consistent processing. The authors offer their own model of consistency of distributed virtual reality systems, which allows to achieve an effective balance between consistency and the speed of states simulation.
This paper focuses on interactive distributed software with a shared virtual environment, also known as distributed virtual reality systems, which allows remote users interaction within a shared virtual environment. Usually users of such systems are connected from different geographical places by means of broadband network, but it is also possible to communicate within local networks. Such systems are effectively used in applications for educational, simulation and entertainment purposes. Distributed virtual reality systems are characterized by a high level of interaction between users in real time in a shared virtual environment. They enable multiple users concurrently immersed in virtual reality to simultaneously interact with each other. Distributed virtual reality systems are a subclass of distributed systems, so they inherit all of their properties such as the absence of global physical clock and shared memory, as well as autonomy and heterogeneity of a system. Distributed virtual reality systems also have their own unique characteristics such as real-time computations, specific nature of distributed computations and clock synchronization requirement. Extensive computer networks involving rigorous numbers of users in man-computer interaction demand high level of flexibility and scalability. The paper considers the main requirements for such systems, their functions and properties. The authors analyze the existing approaches to achieving consistency in distributed systems such as spatial consistency, sequential consistency, causal sequence model and also eventual consistency model. Some models of client-centric consistency have also been analyzed. Achievement of the necessary level of effectiveness depends on the policy of data replication during the whole performance. One of the major problems in this case is coherence of replicas. When one copy is updated, the others should be updated, too; otherwise replicas will not be identical anymore. Appropriate coherence model should provide a contract between processes and a storage of data. In other words, if processes agree to carry out some rules, then the storage of data guarantees consistent processing. The authors offer their own model of consistency of distributed virtual reality systems, which allows to achieve an effective balance between consistency and the speed of states simulation.
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Keywords
розподілені системи, віртуальна реальність, узгодженість, мультиплеєрні ігри, інтерактивність, стаття, distributed systems, virtual reality, consistency, multiplayer games, interactive activity
Citation
Дученчук В. Б. Моделі узгодженості розподілених систем віртуальної реальності / Дученчук В. Б., Бублик В. В. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Комп'ютерні науки. - 2020. - Т. 3. - С. 7-11.