В статье рассматриваются предметы из захоронений раннего бронзового века на территории украинских степей, свидетельствующие о хороших медицинских навыках
древних поселений.
The article discusses objects from Early Bronze graves on
the Ukrainian steppe, attesting to the good medical skills
of ancient societies. They include narrow-blade knives with
a rounded tip, often broken off and others with a curved tip.
These types find analogies in the surgical instruments of ancient Egypt. In the opinion of practicing surgeons the knives
were used in ophthalmology. Surgical procedures could not
be performed without anaesthetics such as narcotic plants:
ephedrine, poppy, cannabis, datura and others, growing
north of the Black Sea. To obtain the juice of these plants,
presses were used, which consisted of vessels (bowls) into
which smoothed stones were placed. Next, plants were
placed on them and the juice was extracted using a hammerstone (pestle). Surgical procedures must have been successful since trepanned skulls were found bearing traces of complete or partial healing.
