Визначено обсяг парадигми пасиву та ієрархію її складників, мовні й позамовні чинники поширення, а подекуди й домінування пасивних конструкцій над
активними в сучасних зразках документів. Проаналізовано випадки вмотивованого / невмотивованого вживання пасивних конструкцій як однієї з визначальних рис українського ділового синтаксису. З’ясовано структурно-семантичну специфіку пасивних конструкцій, простежено динаміку їхнього функціонування в адміністративно-канцелярському підстилі сучасної української
мови. Матеріалом для дослідження слугували навчальні посібники та довідники з офіційно-ділового мовлення, датовані першими десятиліттями ХХІ ст.
The issuer content and status of passive voice paradigm in the system of Ukrainian, hierarchy and both – structural and semantic – features of its constituents are still
a disputable question. Committee Ukrainian guidelines and reference books, dated by
the first decades of the ХХІ century, were the resources of material for this research.
Without regard to comparative free development of standard Ukrainian after
getting of independence by Ukraine the paradigm of passive voice, that was substantial reviewed in the newest grammatical researches, has the transformation in a
modern scholastic, and also in the in modern committee Ukrainian: it’s nexus is
formed by constructions with verbs on -ся ending and periphery – with predicative
forms on -но, -то ending and by participles on -ний, -тий ending. Choice of passive
or active construction type depends mainly on tastes of compilers of professional
editions in modern committee Ukrainian, which does not distinguish the syntactic
peculiarities of standard Ukrainian and Russian. Substantial advantage of constructions with verbs on -ся above active constructions and other types of passive constructions in the modern standards of documents
is the part of history of committee Ukrainian, and it is high time for it to fall off the
edge of the earth. Two-part constructions with predicative forms on -но, -то must
occupy a central part in the paradigm of passive voice. Their impersonal value
predetermines their prevalence in those documents, where attention is concentrated
on completion of action and its result, but not on a performer. In documents, where
a role of a performer or an action is pulled out on the first plan matters timelessness, active constructions as specific feature of Ukrainian syntax must prevail. Peripheral performance of constructions with predicative participles on -ний,
-тий in committee Ukrainian depends not on language sense of specialist, but on
the flavour of the constructions meaning – specifically, the establishment of permanent regularity of action or state continuing.
Decision of problem of “ideal” correlation of active and passive constructions,
explaining of their usage in modern committee Ukrainian, taking into consideration
their structural and semantic specific will help to return the national originality to
Ukrainian and, in particular, will provide the continuation of folk traditions in the
performance of its inherent grammatical models.
