У статті з’ясовано специфіку морфологічного вираження суб’єктної
синтаксеми в пасивних конструкціях сучасного адміністративно-канцелярського мовлення. Проаналізовано асинкретизм (суб’єкт дії) та синкретизм (суб’єкт-інструмент, суб’єкт-інструмент-час, суб’єктінструмент-об’єкт, суб’єкт-простір) семантики орудного відмінка
субстантива та прийменниково-іменникового словосполучення. Матеріалом для дослідження слугували навчальні посібники та довідники з офіційно-ділового мовлення, датовані першими десятиліттями ХХІ ст.
Background. The researchers of history and modern period of development
of Ukrainian connect the issue of functioning of subject syntaxeme in passive
constructions with plane of their expression and with the factors of their
explained/unexplained usage in the passive constructions of the modern
Ukrainian on the whole and formal language in particular. Bureaucratic texts
are still not inspected in this aspect, and this fact predetermines actuality of
this research.
Purpose. To find out the specific of morphological expression of subject
syntaxeme in the passive constructions of the modern formal language.
Methods. In order to achieve the set aim, a descriptive-analytical method
and method of syntactic transformations were applied. Actual material for the
research was collected using the method of selection from study guides and
reference books on the modern Ukrainian formal language, dated the first
decades of the 21st century.
Results. In passive constructions that have old history of the use in written
monuments of Ukrainian from 12th–13th century, attention is concentrated on
an action and object of action, but not on a subject, which has a peripheral
syntactic position in the structure of a sentence. The means of expression of
subject syntaxeme and their productivity in the passive constructions of formal
language depend on the structural type of construction: in three-component
constructions, the subject is expressed by substantive in instrumental case, in
double-component – by a noun in prepositional case with prepositions у (в),
до, на. The basic and productive means of expression of subject syntaxeme in
the passive constructions of formal language is a form of instrumental case of
the substantive.
Discussion. Syncretism of substantive semantics in the forms of
instrumental and local cases in the passive constructions of formal language is
predefined by secondariness of actor seme for these case forms and by unelementariness of passive construction form as a result of combination of
two / three output simple sentences. Only semantics of the noun-creature and
the noun-thing with the meaning of status of a person, group of persons or
establishment in instrumental case is asyncretic. It is formed by the
transformation interconnection of passive and active constructions.
The research prospect is in the discovering of the fixed and specific means of
expression of subject syntaxeme in passive constructions of other functional
styles and their substyles in Ukrainian for finding out the productivity /
unproductiveness of these means in modern Ukrainian on the whole and
formal language in particular.
