Громадські продукти не відповідають припущенням, які
вимагають ефективності для конкурентної економіки. Їхні
характеристики невинятковості та невибірковості ведуть до
невірних стимулів для користувачів. Користувачі зазвичай
поділяють споживання громадського продукту, тому кожний
користувач має стимул уважати, що за цей продукт платитиме хтось інший. Таке ставлення споживачів веде до неефективності.
Public products do not correspond to the assumptions requiring efficiency for a competitive economy.
Their characteristics of non-excludability and non-rivalry lead to wrong incentives for their customers.
The customers usually share consumption of a public product. Therefore, each customer has
an incentive to speculate that somebody else would pay for this product. Such behaviour of consumers
leads to inefficiency. The level of social organization is becoming a more important factor in the production
of goods and services. The problem of efficient providing services of healthcare and recreation
in Ukraine is a topical one. These services are associated with high technologies with a trend to the
growth of shares for those and related services in the total output. Those services are often public
products with distinctive features of their financing and operating by customers. A speculative attitude
of the customer to use of the public product is called the free-riding behaviour. Examples of
the inefficient use of the public product are the exploitation of roads around ports in Ukraine and
the construction works near water reservoirs. In order to model the behaviour of a free-rider and its
implications, imagine two customers making decisions on allocation of their incomes for purchases
of a private product and a public product. Let customers, making their decisions, assume product
prices are fixed. If both products were private ones, then the decisions would result in an efficient
equilibrium on the market. A public product is characterized by that each customer gets the benefit
when another customer buys this product. Such a link between consumers does not exist for private
products but implies a strategic interaction of their decision processes.
