Філософ у просторі і часі культури (хронотоп життєвчення). Частина І
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Date
2017
Authors
Рогожа, Марія
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Abstract
Стаття присвячена осмисленню філософського способу життя як інваріанта західної культури. У статті містяться відповіді на питання: який вплив на особу, яка мислить, мають час і місце її життя і чи взагалі можливо ставити питання таким чином? Вказується, що
біографічний метод історико-філософського дослідження уможливлює культурологічне прочитання життєдіяльності філософа в контексті
унікальності місця і часу як хронотопу життєвчення. Хронотоп як "часпростір" (М. М. Бахтін) задає у певний період часу згущення його прикмет, у результаті чого у певному місці культурного простору народжується унікальний образ мислителя. Хронотоп задає неповторність
філософських запитів мислителя. Розгляд його концепції крізь призму прожитого життя дає можливість зіставляти обґрунтоване і практиковане і за їх збігу вести мову про життєвчення філософа. У першій частині статті розглядаються "часпростори", в яких відбуваються
мислителі домодерної культури: Сократ, Плотін, Фома Аквінський і Сігер Брабантський.
The paper deals with the research of philosophic way of life as an invariant of the Western culture. The author tries to reveal the answers to the questions: What is the influence of the time and place of life on a thinking person? Is it possible to put a question in such a way? The first part of the paper gives methodological explanation for such putting the questions. Two conceptual strategies of thinking in the contemporary history of philosophy are mentioned - compartmentalism and biographical method. The latter one allows to understand philosophizing through research of maître à penser. Such approach makes possible cultural studies prospect for the life of a philosopher in the context of unique time and space. To designate the uniqueness of time and space, the category of chronotope (M. Bakhtin) is introduced in the paper. Chronotope sets condensed signs in a definite period at the result of which a unique image of a thinker is born in a definite cultural space. The Antiquity image of philosopher is Socrates. Not a biographical person but a mythologized image, Socrates entered the great time of culture and influenced on the Western civilization. Since Socrates, the philosophizing of Antiquity is considered as the spiritual exercises (P.Hadot), in which the spirit of publicity is combined with the inner dialogue with oneself. Late Antiquity changed practical orientation of philosophy by contemplative one. Plotinus is considered as the example of such life style. Medieval culture transmits philosophizing from agora to the monastery, and since the 13th century, philosophizing came back to the city space again – to medieval university. Two opposite images of medieval philosophers are considered, Thomas Aquinas and Siger de Brabant, who were didactic examples, full of moral content. Stories about Siger’s life were spread at once after his death as the warning from inheritance; later on he was forgotten. Thomas Aquinas’ life is known as hagiography, didactic story free from details of private life.
The paper deals with the research of philosophic way of life as an invariant of the Western culture. The author tries to reveal the answers to the questions: What is the influence of the time and place of life on a thinking person? Is it possible to put a question in such a way? The first part of the paper gives methodological explanation for such putting the questions. Two conceptual strategies of thinking in the contemporary history of philosophy are mentioned - compartmentalism and biographical method. The latter one allows to understand philosophizing through research of maître à penser. Such approach makes possible cultural studies prospect for the life of a philosopher in the context of unique time and space. To designate the uniqueness of time and space, the category of chronotope (M. Bakhtin) is introduced in the paper. Chronotope sets condensed signs in a definite period at the result of which a unique image of a thinker is born in a definite cultural space. The Antiquity image of philosopher is Socrates. Not a biographical person but a mythologized image, Socrates entered the great time of culture and influenced on the Western civilization. Since Socrates, the philosophizing of Antiquity is considered as the spiritual exercises (P.Hadot), in which the spirit of publicity is combined with the inner dialogue with oneself. Late Antiquity changed practical orientation of philosophy by contemplative one. Plotinus is considered as the example of such life style. Medieval culture transmits philosophizing from agora to the monastery, and since the 13th century, philosophizing came back to the city space again – to medieval university. Two opposite images of medieval philosophers are considered, Thomas Aquinas and Siger de Brabant, who were didactic examples, full of moral content. Stories about Siger’s life were spread at once after his death as the warning from inheritance; later on he was forgotten. Thomas Aquinas’ life is known as hagiography, didactic story free from details of private life.
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Keywords
життєвчення, хронотоп, духовні вправи, філософ, Сократ, Плотін, Фома Аквінський, Сігер Брабантський, стаття, maître à penser, chronotope, spiritual exercises, philosopher, Socrates, Plotinus, Thomas Aquinas, Siger de Brabant
Citation
Рогожа М. М. Філософ у просторі і часі культури (хронотоп життєвчення). Частина І / М. М. Рогожа // Українські культурологічні студії / Київ. нац. ун-т ім. Тараса Шевченка. - Київ : Київський університет, 2017. - № 1 (1). - С. 47-51.